H4K16ac and H3K23ac are highly enriched around transcription start sites (TSS) and positively correlate with transcription levels in rice. (A) Chromosomal views of H4K16ac and H3K23ac distribution patterns in rice chromosome 1. Transposable elements and gene density were plotted to indicate the locations of the pericentromeric heterochromatin. (B) H4K16ac and H3K23ac peak distribution at the TSS and 200 bp downstream of the TSS (TSS+200bp), gene body, promoter, and intergenic region in Arabidopsis and rice. (C) Metaplots showing the H4K16ac and H3K23ac levels over 5 gene groups divided based on their expression levels. (D) Representative snapshots of H4K16ac and H3K23ac in an active gene and a silent gene in rice. (E) Boxplot showing the expression levels of 4 gene clusters. The * indicates P < 0.0001 by a Student's t-test. (F) Heatmaps showing distribution patterns of H4K16ac and H3K23ac in the top 20% and bottom 81–100% expressed genes in Arabidopsis and rice. TTS, transcription termination site; −2K, 2 kb upstream of the TSS; +2K, 2 kb downstream of the TTS.