Skip to main content
Heart logoLink to Heart
. 1997 Feb;77(2):133–137. doi: 10.1136/hrt.77.2.133

Effect of standing on ventricular parasystole: shortening of the parasystolic cycle length.

S Kinoshita 1, T Mitsuoka 1
PMCID: PMC484662  PMID: 9068396

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of standing on the parasystolic cycle length in cases of "true" ventricular parasystole. METHODS: Parasystolic cycle length and sinus cycle length were measured during lying and standing in eight men with true ventricular parasystole. These cycle lengths were also measured after exercise in the lying position. RESULTS: In all cases, parasystolic cycle length and sinus cycle length both shortened on standing, by a mean of 6.4% and 17.8%, respectively, compared to lying. In all cases, the rate of shortening of the parasystolic cycle length was less than that of the sinus cycle length. Parasystolic cycle length was prolonged after exercise, in contrast to a shortening of the sinus cycle length. CONCLUSIONS: Influences on the parasystolic cycle length are not always in the same direction as on the sinus cycle length. This suggests that the effect of autonomic changes on parasystolic rhythm is not always parallel to that on sinus rhythm.

Full text

PDF
133

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Antzelevitch C., Jalife J., Moe G. K. Characteristics of reflection as a mechanism of reentrant arrhythmias and its relationship to parasystole. Circulation. 1980 Jan;61(1):182–191. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.61.1.182. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Castellanos A., Luceri R. M., Moleiro F., Kayden D. S., Trohman R. G., Zaman L., Myerburg R. J. Annihilation, entrainment and modulation of ventricular parasystolic rhythms. Am J Cardiol. 1984 Aug 1;54(3):317–322. doi: 10.1016/0002-9149(84)90190-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Castellanos A., Mendoza I. J., Luceri R. M., Castillo C. A., Zaman L., Saoudi N., Myerburg R. J. Concealment of manifest, and exposure of concealed, ventricular parasystole produced by isoproterenol. Am J Cardiol. 1985 May 1;55(11):1344–1349. doi: 10.1016/0002-9149(85)90501-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Jalife J., Antzelevitch C., Moe G. K. The case for modulated parasystole. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 1982 Nov;5(6):911–926. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-8159.1982.tb00030.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Jalife J., Moe G. K. A biologic model of parasystole. Am J Cardiol. 1979 Apr;43(4):761–772. doi: 10.1016/0002-9149(79)90076-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Jalife J., Moe G. K. Effect of electrotonic potentials on pacemaker activity of canine Purkinje fibers in relation to parasystole. Circ Res. 1976 Dec;39(6):801–808. doi: 10.1161/01.res.39.6.801. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Kinoshita S. Intermittent parasystole originating in the reentrant path of ventricular extrasystoles. Chest. 1977 Aug;72(2):201–206. doi: 10.1378/chest.72.2.201. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Kinoshita S., Kawasaki T. Ventricular parasystole and couplets: the concept of longitudinal dissociation in the microreentry pathway. Am Heart J. 1983 Jun;105(6):1050–1055. doi: 10.1016/0002-8703(83)90424-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Kinoshita S., Konishi G., Kinoshita Y. Intermittent ventricular bigeminy as an expression of two-level Wenckebach periodicity in the reentrant pathway of extrasystoles. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 1990 Jan;13(1):119–122. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-8159.1990.tb02010.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Kinoshita S., Konishi G., Kinoshita Y. Mechanism of ventricular extrasystoles with fixed coupling. A theoretical model derived from the concept of longitudinal dissociation in the reentrant pathway of extrasystoles. J Electrocardiol. 1990 Jul;23(3):249–254. doi: 10.1016/0022-0736(90)90164-w. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Kinoshita S., Konishi G., Kinoshita Y. Protection of the ventricular parasystolic focus due to interference of sinus and parasystolic impulses in the ventricular-ectopic junction. Cardiology. 1990;77(1):66–70. doi: 10.1159/000174583. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Kinoshita S., Konishi G., Mizutani M., Tanabe Y. Influence of sinus impulses on the parasystolic cycle length. J Electrocardiol. 1989 Oct;22(4):285–291. doi: 10.1016/0022-0736(89)90002-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Kinoshita S., Konishi G., Okada F. Differentiation between parasystole and reentry in concealed bigeminy. Cardiology. 1992;81(2-3):100–106. doi: 10.1159/000175783. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Kinoshita S. Mechanisms of intermittent ventricular parasystole due to type II second degree entrance block. J Electrocardiol. 1983 Jan;16(1):7–14. doi: 10.1016/s0022-0736(83)80153-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Kinoshita S. Mechanisms of ventricular parasystole. Circulation. 1978 Oct;58(4):715–722. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.58.4.715. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Kinoshita S., Mizutani M. Effect of sinus impulses on ventricular parasystolic rhythm. Am Heart J. 1983 Nov;106(5 Pt 1):1162–1164. doi: 10.1016/0002-8703(83)90672-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Kinoshita S., Ogawa S., Mitsuoka T. Reverse effects of exercise on the sinus and parasystolic cycle lengths. J Electrocardiol. 1996 Apr;29(2):131–137. doi: 10.1016/s0022-0736(96)80123-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Kinoshita S., Okada F., Konishi G., Kinoshita M., Ito Y. Differentiation between parasystole and extrasystoles. Influence of vagal stimulation on parasystolic impulse formation. J Electrocardiol. 1994 Apr;27(2):169–174. doi: 10.1016/s0022-0736(05)80101-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Kinoshita S., Okada F., Konishi G., Kinoshita M., Ogawa S. Bradycardia- and tachycardia-dependent termination of ventricular bigeminy: mechanism of ventricular extrasystoles with fixed coupling. Am Heart J. 1995 Mar;129(3):557–564. doi: 10.1016/0002-8703(95)90285-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Kinoshita S., Okada F., Konishi G. Mechanism of irregular parasystole: differentiation of second-degree entrance block from electrotonic modulation. Am Heart J. 1992 Sep;124(3):816–823. doi: 10.1016/0002-8703(92)90305-f. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Kinoshita S., Okada F. Mechanism of concealed bigeminy. Am J Cardiol. 1992 Apr 1;69(9):976–976. doi: 10.1016/0002-9149(92)90812-d. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Kinoshita S., Tanabe Y. Second degree entrance block in intermittent ventricular parasystole. Chest. 1975 Feb;67(2):236–237. doi: 10.1378/chest.67.2.236. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Kinoshita S. Wenckebach phenomenon of entrance block in intermittent ventricular parasystole. Chest. 1974 Nov;66(5):530–535. doi: 10.1378/chest.66.5.530. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Moe G. K., Jalife J., Mueller W. J., Moe B. A mathematical model of parasystole and its application to clinical arrhythmias. Circulation. 1977 Dec;56(6):968–979. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.56.6.968. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Nau G. J., Aldariz A. E., Acunzo R. S., Halpern M. S., Davidenko J. M., Elizari M. V., Rosenbaum M. B. Modulation of parasystolic activity by nonparasystolic beats. Circulation. 1982 Aug;66(2):462–469. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.66.2.462. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Nilsson G., Ahlfeldt H., Ahrén T., Jonasson T. Distribution patterns of ventricular premature complexes in long-term electrocardiographic recordings and their usefulness in disclosing modulated parasystole. Am J Cardiol. 1991 Oct 15;68(10):1045–1048. doi: 10.1016/0002-9149(91)90493-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Oreto G., Luzza F., Satullo G., Schamroth L. Modulated ventricular parasystole as a mechanism for concealed bigeminy. Am J Cardiol. 1986 Nov 1;58(10):954–958. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9149(86)80018-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Tenczer J., Littmann L., Rohla M., Wu D. B., Fenyvesi T. A study of modulated ventricular parasystole by programmed stimulation. Am J Cardiol. 1987 Apr 1;59(8):846–851. doi: 10.1016/0002-9149(87)91104-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Heart are provided here courtesy of BMJ Publishing Group

RESOURCES