Table 1.
Iron, vitamin A and inflammation status of Cambodian Women of Reproductive age by urban or rural living conditions.
| Indicator | All Women | Urban | Rural | p-Value 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (% total) | 2112 (100%) | 643 (30.4%) | 1469 (69.6%) | - |
| Age (years mean ± SD) | 26.4 (± 6.9) | 25.9 (± 6.8) | 26.6 (± 6.9) | 0.001 |
| Uncorrected Ferritin (μg/L; median IQR) | 67.9 (35.8–108.0) | 75.6 (38.2–116.0 ) | 63.8 (34.9–105.0) | 0.003 |
| Fer < 15μg/L (%) 2 | 7.5% | 6.5% | 8.4% | 0.18 |
| Fer < 50 μg/L (%) 2 | 37.9% | 36.2% | 39.6% | 0.19 |
| Corrected 1 Ferritin (μg/L; median IQR) | 64.4 (34.8–101.4) | 71.5 (37.2–107.2) | 61.1 (34.4–96.5) | <0.001 |
| Fer < 15μg/L (%) 2 | 8.1% | 7.3% | 8.8% | 0.28 |
| Fer < 50 μg/L (%) 2 | 39.3% | 38.1% | 41.8% | 0.15 |
| sTfR (mg/L; median IQR) | 5.5 (4.7–6.7) | 5.3 (4.6–6.2) | 5.6 (4.8–6.8) | <0.001 |
| sTfR > 8.3 mg/L (%) 2 | 9.3% | 7.2% | 11.5% | 0.007 |
| TBI (mg/kg body wt; median) | 7.6 (5.0–9.5) | 8.2 (5.5–9.9) | 7.3 (4.8–9.3) | <0.001 |
| TBI < 0 (%) 2 | 5.0% | 3.7% | 6.4% | 0.026 |
| Uncorrected RBP (μmol/L; median IQR) | 1.65 (1.36–2.05) | 1.69 (1.42–2.03) | 1.63 (1.33–2.07) | 0.014 |
| RBP < 0.70 μmol/L 2 | 0.7% | 0.7% | 0.7% | NS |
| RBP < 1.05 μmol/L 2 | 5.0% | 3.1% | 7.0% | 0.002 |
| Corrected 1 RBP (μmol/L; median IQR) | 1.69 (1.39–2.10) | 1.76 (1.45–2.10) | 1.67 (1.36–2.11) | 0.012 |
| RBP < 0.70 μmol/L 2 | 0.6% | 0.6% | 0.5% | NS |
| RBP < 1.05 μmol/L 2 | 4.7% | 2.9% | 6.5% | 0.003 |
| Inflammation 3 | ||||
| Normal | 85.7% | 84.3% | 86.2% | NS |
| Incubation | 3.9% | 3.9% | 3.6% | NS |
| Early convalescence | 3.1% | 2.8% | 3.2% | NS |
| Late convalescence | 7.6% | 9.0% | 6.9% | NS |
1 Values corrected for inflammation as described in methods section. sTfR = soluble Transferrin Receptor; RBP = retinol Binding Protein, TBI = Total Body Iron; 2 Estimated prevalence, corrected for sampling method; 3 Normal = CRP ≤ 5 mg/L and AGP ≤ 1 g/L; Incubation = CRP > 5 mg/L and AGP ≤ 1 g/L. Early convalescence = CRP > 5 mg/L and AGP > 1 g/L; Late convalescence = CRP ≤ 5 mg/L and AGP > 1 g/L; 4 p value for difference between urban and rural populations, using binary logistic analysis for difference in prevalence and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), controlling for age and sampling.