Checklist of British and Irish Hymenoptera - Proctotrupoidea

Abstract Abstract

Background

A revised checklist of the British and Irish Heloridae and Proctotrupidae (Proctotrupoidea) substantially updates the previous comprehensive checklist, dating from 1978. Country level data (i.e. occurrence in England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland and the Isle of Man) is reported where known.

New information

A total of three Heloridae and 39 Proctotrupidae (including only certainly recorded species) represents a 27% increase in the British list since 1978. Most species are still poorly known and there has been a dearth of taxonomic and faunistic work on the British and Irish fauna.

Introduction

This paper is part of a series of new checklists to the British and Irish Hymenoptera fauna, that started with Broad and Livermore (2014b), Broad and Livermore (2014a) and Liston et al. (2014)and is the first update to the Hymenoptera checklist since 1978 (Fitton et al. 1978). Proctotrupoids are koinobiont endoparasitoids of holometabolous insect larvae. Although Proctrotrupidae can be common and readily collected by sweep netting or Malaise traps, the superfamily is poorly known biologically. Proctotrupidae are parasitoids of Coleoptera and, to a lesser extent, Diptera larvae, with one extraordinary host record from a centipede, whereas Heloridae have been reared from Neuroptera larvae (biology summarised in Gauld and Bolton 1988). Extralimital families attack Coleoptera and Neuroptera, or (Austroniidae, Peradeniidae, Proctorenyxidae) are completely unknown biologically.

The superfamily 'Proctotrupoidea' has generally been a welcoming home to a variety of parasitoid groups and recognised as not being monophyletic (Rasnitsyn 1988, Ronquist et al. 1999, Dowton and Austin 2001); in the 1978 checklist (Fitton et al. 1978) the Platygastroidea and Diaprioidea were included in the Proctotrupoidea. The removal of the Diapriidae, Maamingidae and Monomachidae to their own superfamily (Diaprioidea) has recently gained acceptance (e.g. Klopfstein et al. 2013). The Proctotrupoidea as presently defined (e.g. Sharkey 2007) now comprises the Heloridae and Proctotrupidae in Britain and the extralimital families Austroniidae, Pelecinidae, Peradeniidae, Proctorenyxidae, Roproniidae and Vanhorniidae.

There has been very little work on the British proctotrupoid fauna and most of what we know about the British and Irish Proctotrupidae derives from the global monograph of Townes and Townes (1981). Both families can be recognised instantly by their distinctive wing venation and they each have a characteristic habitus (Figs 1, 2, 3). A revision of the British fauna would undoubtedly reveal more species.

Figure 1.

Representative British Heloridae. Helorus ruficornis Förster, female, England, Herts., Aldbury, 2013, coll. G.R. Broad.

Figure 2.

Representative British Proctotrupidae. Disogmus basalis (Thomson), male, England, Herefordshire, Mary Knoll Valley, 21-24.5.2007, coll. D.G. Notton, NHMUK010209578.

Figure 3.

Representative British Proctotrupidae. Proctotrupes brachypterus (Schrank), female, England, Rothamsted, 26.9.1973, NHMUK010209579.

Materials and methods

Much of the distribution data are taken from Townes and Townes (1981). Distribution data pertaining to Ireland are mostly from O'Connor et al. (2004). Other sources are referred to. There is an excellent online resource, The Proctotrupidae of the World. The taxonomy follows Townes and Townes (1981) and Townes (1977) with subsequent changes referenced. We have tried to account for every name on the 1978 checklist Fitton et al. (1978) and all additions to the fauna since then have been referenced. A more complete methodology and rationale behind the checklist can be found in Broad (2014). The following conventions and abbreviations are used here:

[species] taxon deleted from the British and Irish list

NHM Natural History Museum, London

# known or suspected introductions with at least temporarily self-sustaining populations

? status (including uncertain synonymy) or identification in the British Isles uncertain

misident. has been misidentified as this name

nom. dub. nomen dubium, a name of unknown or doubtful application

nom. ob. nomen oblitum, ‘forgotten name’, does not have priority over a younger name

nom. nov. nomen novum, a replacement name

nom. nud. nomen nudum, an unavailable name, with no type specimen

preocc. name preoccupied (junior homonym)

stat. rev. status revocatus, revived status (e.g., raised from synonymy)

unavailable not meeting the requirements of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature

var. variety, only available as a valid name under the provisions of article 45.6 of the ICZN

Alternative versions of the checklist, as a formatted Word document and Excel spreadsheet, are provided here in the supplementary materials: Suppl. materials 1, 2.

Photographs were taken using a Canon EOS 450D digital camera attached to a Leica MZ12 stereomicroscope and partially focused images were combined using Helicon Focus v.4.80 software.

Checklists

Proctotrupoidea

Heloridae

Förster, 1856

Notes

Distribution data from Townes (1977), Fergusson and Smith (1974), Cooter and Fergusson (1993) and O'Connor et al. (2004).

Helorus

Latreille, 1802

• COPELUS Provancher, 1881

Helorus anomalipes

(Panzer, 1798)

• Sphex anomalipes Panzer, 1798

• ater Latreille, 1802

• paradoxus (Provancher, 1881, Copelus)

• Helorus anomalipes ?bifoveolata Gregor, 1938

• Helorus anomalipes ?nigrotibia Hellén, 1941

Distribution

England, Ireland

Helorus nigripes

Förster, 1856

• rugosus Thomson, 1858

Distribution

England

Helorus ruficornis

Förster, 1856

• coruscus Haliday, 1857

• corruscus misspelling

• flavipes Kieffer, 1907

Distribution

England, Ireland

Proctotrupidae

Latreille, 1802

Notes

Distribution data from Townes and Townes (1981) and O'Connor et al. (2004).

Brachyserphus

Hellén, 1941

Brachyserphus parvulus

(Nees, 1834)

• Codrus parvulus Nees, 1834

Distribution

England, Ireland

Codrus

Panzer, 1801

Codrus niger

Panzer, 1805

Distribution

England, Ireland

Codrus picicornis

(Förster, 1856)

• Disogmus picicornis Förster, 1856

• subcompressus (Hedicke, 1927, Phaenoserphus)

• vexator (Nixon, 1938, Phaenoserphus)

• subclavatus (Hellén, 1941, Phaenoserphus)

Distribution

England, Ireland

Notes

Listed as Phaenoserphus subcompressus in Fergusson (1978).

Cryptoserphus

Kieffer, 1907

Cryptoserphus aculeator

(Haliday, 1839)

• Proctotrupes aculeator Haliday, 1839

• ater (Nees, 1834, Codrus) preocc.

• perrisi (Kieffer, 1908, Seprhus)

• deshii Drake, 1970, Cryptoserphus

Distribution

England, Scotland, Ireland

Cryptoserphus dilatus

Townes, 1981

Distribution

Ireland

Notes

added by Townes and Townes (1981)

Cryptoserphus flavipes

(Provancher, 1881)

• Proctotrupes flavipes Provancher, 1881

• brevimanus (Kieffer, 1908, Serphus)

• longicalcar (Kieffer, 1908, Serphus)

• cumaeus Nixon, 1938

• fungorum Szelényi, 1940

Distribution

Ireland

Cryptoserphus longitarsis

(Thomson, 1858)

• Proctotrupes longitarsis Thomson, 1858

Distribution

Ireland

Disogmus

Förster, 1856

Disogmus areolator

(Haliday, 1839)

• Proctotrupes areolator Haliday, 1839

• aequator Förster, 1856

• discrepator Förster, 1856

• elegans (Thomson, 1858, Proctotrupes)

• nigripennis (Thomson, 1858, Proctotrupes)

• canadensis Harrington, 1900

• diversicornis Kieffer, 1906

• glabratus Kieffer, 1906

• carinatus Kieffer, 1907

• torvus Whittaker, 1930

Distribution

England, Scotland, Ireland

Disogmus basalis

(Thomson, 1858)

• Proctotrupes basalis Thomson, 1858

• fuscitarsis Kieffer, 1907

Distribution

England, Scotland, Ireland

Exallonyx

Kieffer, 1904

Notes

unplaced species of Exallonyx:

[Exallonyx leviventris Kieffer, 1908 nom. dub., from England]

Exallonyx

Kieffer, 1904

Exallonyx (Exallonyx) ater

(Gravenhorst, 1807)

• Codrus ater Gravenhorst, 1807

• aterrimus (Dalla Torre, 1898, Proctotrypes)

• xanthocerus Kieffer, 1908

• filicornis Kieffer, 1908

• syriacus Kieffer, 1908

• gracilis Nixon, 1938

Distribution

England, Ireland

Exallonyx (Exallonyx) brevimala

Townes, 1981

Distribution

England, Ireland

Notes

added by Townes and Townes (1981)

Exallonyx (Exallonyx) confusus

Nixon, 1938

Distribution

England, Ireland

Exallonyx (Exallonyx) crenicornis

(Nees, 1834)

• Codrus crenicornis Nees, 1834

• clavipes (Thomson, 1858, Proctotrupes)

• donisthorpei Kieffer, 1908

• fumipennis Kieffer, 1908

Distribution

England, Scotland

Notes

Listed, as Codrus fumipennis (Kieffer), as doubtfully British by Fergusson (1978); status as a British species confirmed by Townes and Townes (1981).

Exallonyx (Exallonyx) formicarius

Kieffer, 1904

Distribution

England, Scotland, Ireland

Exallonyx (Exallonyx) ligatus

(Nees, 1834)

• Codrus ligatus Nees, 1834

Distribution

England, Ireland

Exallonyx (Exallonyx) longicornis

(Nees, 1834)

• Codrus longicornis Nees, 1834

• micrurus (Keiffer, 1908, Serphus)

Distribution

Scotland, Ireland

Exallonyx (Exallonyx) microcerus

Kieffer, 1908

• hyalinipennis Kieffer, 1908

Distribution

England, Ireland

Notes

Listed as a synonym of Exallonyx formicarius in Fergusson (1978).

Exallonyx (Exallonyx) minor

Townes, 1981

Distribution

England, Scotland, Ireland

Exallonyx (Exallonyx) nixoni

Townes, 1981

Distribution

England

Exallonyx (Exallonyx) pallidistigma

Morley, 1922

• niger misident.

• milleri (Tomšík, 1942, Phaenoserphus)

Distribution

England, Ireland

Exallonyx (Exallonyx) quadriceps

(Ashmead, 1893)

• Proctotrypes quadriceps Ashmead, 1893

• crassicornis Kieffer, 1908

• hyalinipennis (Morley, 1922, Proctotrypes)

Distribution

England, Scotland, Ireland

Notes

Recorded by Townes and Townes (1981).

Exallonyx (Exallonyx) subserratus

Kieffer, 1908

• curtigena Nixon, 1938

Distribution

England, Ireland

Exallonyx (Exallonyx) trichomus

Townes, 1981

Distribution

England, Ireland

Notes

added by Townes and Townes (1981)

Exallonyx (Exallonyx) trifoveatus

Kieffer, 1908

• talpae Kieffer, 1908

• borneanus (Cameron, 1912, Proctotrypes)

• reicherti (Enderlein, 1916, Proctotrupes)

• parvulus Brues, 1919

• philonthiphagus Williams, 1932

Distribution

England, Ireland

Notes

added by Townes and Townes (1981)

Exallonyx (Exallonyx) wasmanni

Kieffer, 1904

• myrmecophilus Kieffer, 1904

• socialis Kieffer, 1908

Distribution

England, Ireland

Notes

Although excluded from the Irish list by O'Connor et al. (2004), the locality ‘Tanrego’ quoted by Townes and Townes (1981) refers to an estate in Sligo.

Eocodrus

Pschorn-Walcher, 1958

Exallonyx (Eocodrus) brevicornis

(Haliday, 1839)

• Proctotrupes brevicornis Haliday, 1839

• lineata Kieffer, 1908

Distribution

England, Scotland, Ireland

Mischoserphus

Townes, 1981

Mischoserphus arcuator

(Stelfox, 1950)

• Cryptoserphus arcuator Stelfox, 1950

• ione (Kozlov, 1971, Cryptoserphus)

Distribution

Ireland

Paracodrus

Kieffer, 1907

Paracodrus apterogynus

(Haliday, 1839)

• Proctotrupes apterogynus Haliday, 1839

• albipennis (Thomson, 1858, Codrus)

• bethyliformis Kieffer, 1907

Distribution

Ireland

Parthenocodrus

Pschorn-Walcher, 1958

• CRYPTOCODRUS Pschorn-Walcher, 1958

Parthenocodrus elongatus

(Haliday, 1839)

• Proctotrupes elongatus Haliday, 1839

• buccatus (Thomson, 1858, Proctotrupes)

Distribution

England, Ireland

Phaenoserphus

Kieffer, 1908

• CARABIPHAGUS Morley, 1931

Phaenoserphus chittii

(Morley, 1922)

• Proctotrypes chittii Morley, 1922

• dubiosus Nixon, 1938

Distribution

England, Ireland

Phaenoserphus fuscipes

(Haliday, 1839)

• Proctotrupes fuscipes Haliday, 1839

Distribution

Scotland, Ireland

Phaenoserphus gregori

Tomšík, 1942

Distribution

Ireland

Phaenoserphus pallipes

(Jurine, 1807)

• Codrus pallipes Jurine, 1807

• rufipes (Brullé, 1846, Proctotrupes)

• testaceicornis (Kieffer, 1908, Serphus)

Distribution

England, Ireland

Phaenoserphus viator

(Haliday, 1839)

• Proctotrupes viator Haliday, 1839

• curtipennis (Haliday, 1839, Proctotrupes)

• laevifrons (Förster, 1861, Proctotrupes)

• sixianus (Vollenhoven, 1879, Proctotrypes)

Distribution

England, Ireland

Phaneroserphus

Pschorn-Walcher, 1958

Notes

species of Phaneroserphus removed from the British and Irish list:

[cristatus Townes, 1981] Fauna Europaea lists Phaneroserphus cristatus as occurring in Britain and France but Townes and Townes (1981) state that this species is only found in Japan, and no literature citations for its European occurrence can be traced.

Phaneroserphus calcar

(Haliday, 1839)

• Proctotrupes calcar Haliday, 1839

• calcaratus (Thomson, 1858, Proctotrupes)

• seticornis (Thomson, 1858, Proctotrupes)

• areolatus (Kieffer, 1908, Serphus)

• castaneus (Kieffer, 1908, Serphus)

Distribution

England, Scotland, Ireland

Proctotrupes

Latreille, 1796

• SERPHUS Schrank, 1780

• ERODORUS Walckanaer, 1802

• PROCTRUPES Rafinesque, 1815

• PROCTOTRYPES Aggasiz, 1846

• PROCTOTROPIS Gistel, 1848

Proctotrupes brachypterus

(Schrank, 1780)

• Serphus brachypterus Schrank, 1780

• divagator (Olivier, 1792, Ichneumon)

• campanulator (Fabricius, 1798, Ichneumon)

• emarciator (Fabricius, 1798, Ichneumon)

• bimaculatus (Walckenaer, 1802, Erodorus)

• brevipennis Latreille, 1802

• bicolor Haliday, 1839

• gladiator Haliday, 1839

• sulcatus (Kieffer, 1908, Serphus)

• hofferi (Tomšík, 1944, Serphus)

• azarbajdzhanicus (Samedov, 1954, Serphus)

Distribution

England, Ireland

Proctotrupes gravidator

(Linnaeus, 1758)

• Ichneumon gravidator Linnaeus, 1758

• meridionalis Gribodo, 1880

• rufigaster Provancher, 1881

• collaris Szépligeti, 1901

• suzukii Matsumura, 1912

• zabriskiei (Brues, 1919, Serphus)

Distribution

England, Ireland

Notes

Proctotrupes indivisus (Kieffer, 1908, Serphus) removed from synonymy by Notton (2007).

Tretoserphus

Townes, 1981

Notes

species of Tretoserphus removed from the British and Irish list:

[foveolatus (Möller, 1882, Proctotrupes)] Listed as British by Fergusson (1978) as perkinsi was then considered to be a junior synonym of foveolatus.

Tretoserphus laricis

(Haliday, 1839)

• Proctotrupes laricis Haliday, 1839

• nigricauda (Kieffer, 1908, Serphus)

• melanderi (Brues, 1919, Cryptoserphus)

Distribution

England, Ireland

Tretoserphus perkinsi

(Nixon, 1942)

• Cryptoserphus perkinsi Nixon, 1942

Distribution

England, Ireland

Supplementary Material

Supplementary material 1

Checklist of British and Irish Proctotrupoidea

Broad, G.R.

Data type: formatted text

Brief description: Word document version of the checklist

File: oo_74853.docx

Supplementary material 2

Checklist of British and Irish Proctotrupoidea

Broad, G.R.

Data type: spreadsheet

Brief description: Excel spreadsheet version of the checklist

File: oo_84638.xlsx