Table 5. Clinically relevant variables and their association with the number of ASDs needed to control the SE (univariate analysis and after ordered logistic regression).
| Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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|
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| Total | 1–2 ASDs needed | 3–4 ASDs needed | ≥5 ASDs needed | p-Value (test) | OR | 95% CI | p-Value | ||
| Total | n (%) | 177 | 60 (33.9) | 84 (47.46) | 33 (18.64) | ||||
| First-line | |||||||||
| CLZ | n (%) | 72 | 36 (50) | 29 (40.28) | 7 (9.72) | Ref. | |||
| LZP | n (%) | 82 | 13 (15.85) | 47 (57.32) | 22 (26.83) | 4.35 | 1.8–10.49 | 0.001 | |
| MDZ | n (%) | 23 | 11 (47.83) | 8 (34.78) | 4 (17.39) | <0.001a (χ2) | 0.73 | 0.25–2.16 | 0.577 |
| Time to treatment (min) | Median (range) | 60 (5-7,200) | 80 (5-4,320) | 66 (5–7,200) | 50 (5-2,340) | 0.389 (Kruskal-Wallis) | |||
| Sufficient dose of first-line drug | n (%) | 74 | 31 (42.47) | 34 (46.58) | 8 (10.96) | 0.036a (χ2) | 1.39 | 0.63–3.05 | 0.409 |
| Adequate second-line | n (%) | 81 | 25 (30.86) | 45 (55.56) | 11 (13.58) | 0.03la (χ2) | 0.45 | 0.23–0.88 | 0.02 |
| STESS | Mean (SD) | 2.58 (1.62) | 2.53 (1.69) | 2.59 (1.58) | 2.66 (1.63) | 0.934 (ANOVA) | |||
| Potentially fatal etiology | n (%) | 77 | 26 (33.77) | 40 (51.95) | 11 (14.29) | 0.374 (χ2) | |||
| Convulsive SE only | n (%) | 99 | 34 (34.34) | 46 (46.46) | 19 (19.19) | ||||
| First-line | |||||||||
| CLZ | n (%) | 38 | 19 (50) | 17 (44.74) | 2 (5.26) | Ref. | |||
| LZP | n (%) | 44 | 7 (15.91) | 23 (52.27) | 14 (31.82) | 5.1 | 1.47–17.6 | 0.01 | |
| MDZ | n (%) | 17 | 8 (47.06) | 6 (35.29) | 3 (17.65) | 0.003a (χ2) | 0.56 | 0.13–2.38 | 0.439 |
| Time to treatment (min) | Median (range) | 45 (5–2,880) | 50 (5–2,880) | 42.5 (5–2,820) | 30 (5–390) | 0.89 (Kruskal-Wallis) | |||
| Sufficient dose of first-line drug | n (%) | 47 | 21 (44.68) | 22 (46.81) | 4 (8.51) | 0.017a (χ2) | 0.77 | 0.27–2.2 | 0.63 |
| Adequate second-line | n (%) | 38 | 13 (34.21) | 22 (57.89) | 3 (7.89) | 0.007a (χ2) | 0.21 | 0.08–0.57 | 0.002 |
| STESS | Mean (SD) | 3.03 (1.31) | 3 (1.37) | 3.13 (1.24) | 2.84 (1.42) | 0.813 (ANOVA) | |||
| Potentially fatal etiology | n (%) | 37 | 11 (29.73) | 20 (54.05) | 6 (16.22) | 0.5 (χ2) | |||
Analyses were performed for the whole cohort and for convulsive status epilepticus only.
CI, confidence intervals; CLZ, clonazepam; LZP, lorazepam; MDZ, midazolam; mulitvar, multivariate; OR, odds ratio; ref, reference; SE, status epilepticus; STESS, STatus Epilepticus Severity Score.
In Bold: statistically significant.
a
Used in regression model because p < 0.2.