Table 1.
Characteristics of study population, partners of pregnant women in five US cities (N = 420)
| Characteristics | Mean | SD | Min | Median | Max |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 32 | 6 | 18 | 32 | 53 |
| Abstinence time (hours) | 77 | 30 | 9 | 72 | 227 |
| Time to start semen analysis (minutes) | 27 | 10 | 0 | 28 | 90 |
| Time to complete semen analysis (minutes) | 58 | 9 | 24 | 58 | 97 |
| Sperm concentration (106/ml) | 66 | 45 | 3 | 59 | 316 |
| Sperm motility (%) | 52 | 12 | 10 | 54 | 78 |
| Morphology (%) | 11 | 5 | 0.5 | 10 | 26 |
| Total sperm count (106) | 297 | 211 | 6 | 246 | 1218 |
| Total motile sperm count (106) | 134 | 103 | 0.5 | 114 | 627 |
| Creatinine concentration (mg/dl) | 143 | 81 | 7 | 138 | 509 |
| N | % | ||||
| WHO reference valuesa | |||||
| Sperm concentration (106/ml) <20×106/ml | 46 | 11 | |||
| Sperm motility (%) < 50% | 160 | 38 | |||
| Morphology (%) < 4% | 33 | 8 | |||
| Total sperm count (106) <40×106/ml | 27 | 6 | |||
| Center: CA | 114 | 27 | |||
| Center: MN | 127 | 30 | |||
| Center: MO | 88 | 21 | |||
| Center: NY | 18 | 4 | |||
| Center: IA | 73 | 17 | |||
| Race: Black | 35 | 8 | |||
| Current smoker | 91 | 22 | |||
| Stress | 100 | 24 | |||
| Recent fever | 8 | 2 |
SD: Standard deviation.
a
Number (%) of subjects below the WHO (1999) reference values for each semen parameter.