Table 1.
Angiogenic pro-inflammatory mediators in RA that may be future therapeutic targets.
| Target | Drug | Nature/Mode of action |
Status | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cytokines | ||||
| IL-17 | Secukinum ab |
Humanized monoclonal neutralizing anti-IL-17 |
In phase III clinical trials. |
167 |
| Ixekizumab | Humanized monoclonal neutralizing anti-IL-17 |
In phase III clinical trials. |
168 | |
| Brodaluma b |
Humanized monoclonal neutralizing anti-IL-17 receptor |
In phase III clinical trials. |
169 | |
| IL-18 | GSK10708 06 |
Humanized monoclonal neutralizing antibody to IL-18 |
In phase I clinical trials. | 171 |
| rhIL-18bp | Recombinant human IL-18 binding protein |
In phase I clinical trials. | 172 | |
| MIF | anti-MIF | Anti-MIF neutralizing antibody |
In phase I clinical trials. | (clinicaltrials.gov ) |
| Milatuzuma b |
Anti-CD74 (part of MIF receptor) monoclonal antibody |
In phase I clinical trials. | (clinicaltrials.gov ) |
|
| Chemokines | ||||
| CXCL12 | Plerixafor | CXCR4 (CXCL12 receptor) antagonist |
FDA approved for treatment of certain cancers. In clinical trials for other disorders. |
176 |
| BMS- 936564 |
Fully human anti- CXCR4 antibody |
In phase I clinical trials. | 177 | |
| Growth Factors | ||||
| Ang1 and Ang2 |
Trebananib, | Neutralizing peptibody to both Ang1 and Ang2 |
In phase I, II and III clinical trials. |
178 |
| Double anti- angiogenic protein (DAAP) |
A dimeric decoy receptor with strong binding affinity to Ang1, Ang2 and VEGF |
In preclinical trails. | 179 | |
|
Adhesion
Molecules |
||||
| VCAM-1 | Natalizuma b |
Fully human anti-α4 integrin (VCAM-1 receptor) antibody |
FDA approved for treatment of MS. In phase II clinical trials for RA. |
189 |