Article title: “The luminal connection: From animal development to lumopathies”
Authors: R. M. Kao
Journal: Organogenesis
Bibliometrics: Volume 9, Issue 2, pages 111–7
DOI: 10.4161/org.25225
Incorrect versions of Figures 1, 2, and 3 were published in both print and online. The correct figures are below:
Figure 1.
Connecting epithelial networks during organogenesis. (A) Two juxtaposed epithelial networks (green or red) with pre-existing lumens (blue). Polarized epithelial cells have basal lamina (thick red or green lines), lateral (thin green or red lines), (Continued on next page) and apical (blue) surfaces. (B) Luminal connection established between two epithelial systems (continuous lumen labeled blue) allows unidirectional fluid flow (black arrows mark unidirectional fluid flow). (C1 and 2) Highlighted stages of embryonic mouse kidney development. (C1) Embryonic day 11.5 (E11.5) depicts collecting duct epithelium (red) invading into neighboring kidney mesenchyme. Reciprocal mesenchymal-epithelial interactions result in formation of condensed cap mesenchyme (blue) surrounding tips of collecting duct. (C2) Embryonic day 13.5 (E13.5) shows induced formation of nephron precursors7,8,56 (green) that are derived from Six2+ cap mesenchymal cells during nephrogenesis. (D1 and 2) Close-up views at early stages of nephron precursor morphogenesis. (D1) Cross-section of renal vesicle stage depicting intact basal lamina at future site of luminal interconnection. Arrows mark distal and proximal cell types. (D2) Distal outpouching at early S-shaped stage illustrating two epithelia are juxtaposed to each other, yet no luminal interconnection is established.
Figure 2.
Spatiotemporal control of cellular strategies at the future interconnection zone. (A–D) Schematics highlighting cellular mechanisms occurring at the future site of luminal interconnections. (A) Basement membrane dissolution. Basal lamina shown in either thick green or red lines between two epithelial tubes. (B) Selected burst of apoptosis at juxtaposed cells located at the future site of luminal interconnection (hypothetical apoptotic cells depicted in magenta colored nuclei that may occur at either end of each tubular networks). (C) Cell rearrangements and reorganization of epithelial junctions. Tight junction complexes indicated in blue. (D) Invasive behaviors emerging from one tubular network at the future site of luminal interconnection (labeled in green).
Figure 3.
Distal invasion and framework for investigating mechanisms of luminal interconnections during kidney development. (A) Prior to luminal interconnection, nephron precursor cells of distal compartment exhibit unusual invasive-like properties that precede epithelial tubule interconnection. (B) A repolarization step between the mid to late S-shaped body stages showing re-establishment of tight junction complexes (depicted in blue). (C) Luminal connection is spatiotemporally controlled at late S-shaped body stage. (D1-D3) Possible signaling modules that control distal invasion. These cues may be secreted or membrane-tethered chemical signals and/or biomechanical cues. (D1) Stromal signaling cue that is closest to future site of luminal interconnection (gray arrow). (D2) Invasive cue may come from adjacent epithelial cells of the ureteric bud closest to distal cells of nephron precusor (red arrow). (D3) An inherent distal invasive cue (green arrow) may come as a self-signaling module independent of stromal and ureteric bud.
Table 1.
Highlighted examples of molecular and cellular process prior to luminal connection across different organisms
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