Abstract
Bacillus cereus is a foodborne pathogen causing emetic and diarrheal-type syndromes. Here, we report the whole-genome sequences of 11 B. cereus food isolates.
GENOME ANNOUNCEMENT
Bacillus cereus is a spore-forming foodborne pathogen that is ubiquitously present in the environment, showing high capacity to adapt to different environmental niches (1, 2). B. cereus is closely related to Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax, and to the insect pathogen Bacillus thuringiensis (3). Soil is the main reservoir of B. cereus spores, and food can serve as a vehicle to transfer them to the host (4). B. cereus is the causative agent of two types of toxin-associated foodborne diseases: emetic and diarrheal syndromes (5). The emetic syndrome is an intoxication caused by the thermostable emetic toxin cereulide (6). The emetic toxin is produced by vegetative B. cereus cells in food before ingestion and remains active upon stomach transit. It is toxic to mitochondria by acting as a potassium ionophore and has been reported to inhibit human natural killer cells. The diarrheal syndrome is caused by enterotoxins secreted by vegetative cells in the small intestine, where they can act by disrupting the integrity of the membrane of epithelial cells (7).
Eleven B. cereus strains isolated from different food sources (8) were grown overnight (18 h) with shaking (200 rpm) in 10 ml of brain heart infusion (BHI) broth (Becton, Dickinson) at 30°C. Two milliliters of this culture were centrifuged at 13,000 × g to harvest the cells, and the resulting cell pellet was resuspended in 50 mM EDTA (pH 8.0). Genomic DNA of the strains was isolated using the Wizard genomic DNA purification kit (Promega, Madison, WI), according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
The isolated DNA was sheared to 250- to 350-bp fragments and paired-end sequenced on an Illumina HiSeq 2000 outsourced to BaseClear (Leiden, The Netherlands). CLC Genomics Workbench version 6.0.1 (CLC bio), SSPACE version 2.3 (PMID 21149342), and GapFiller version 1.1 (PMID 23095524) were used for assembly. The RAST server (9) (PMID 18261238) was used to annotate the genomes.
Nucleotide sequence accession numbers.
The genome sequences of the 11 B. cereus strains have been deposited at DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank under the accession numbers listed in Table 1. The version described in this paper is the first version.
TABLE 1 .
Sequenced B. cereus strains and their isolation sources
| B. cereus straina | Isolation source | Accession no. |
|---|---|---|
| B4079 | Canned chocolate beverage | LJIT00000000 |
| B4081 | Provolone sauce | LJJZ00000000 |
| B4082 | Asparagus ham sauce | LJKA00000000 |
| B4083 | Tortellini con fungi | LJKB00000000 |
| B4084 | Indian rice dish | LJKC00000000 |
| B4085 | Asparagus soup | LJKD00000000 |
| B4088 | Dressing | LJKE00000000 |
| B4116 | White sauce | LJKF00000000 |
| B4118 | Ice cream | LJKH00000000 |
| B4120 | Water | LJKI00000000 |
| B4155 | Beef salad | LJKJ00000000 |
B-numbers refer to the strain collection at NIZO food research.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This project is funded by TI Food and Nutrition, a public-private partnership on precompetitive research in food and nutrition. The public partners are responsible for the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, and preparation of the manuscript. The private partners have contributed to the project through regular discussion.
Footnotes
Citation Hayrapetyan H, Boekhorst J, de Jong A, Kuipers OP, Nierop Groot MN, Abee T. 2016. Draft whole-genome sequences of 11 Bacillus cereus food isolates. Genome Announc 4(3):e00485-16. doi:10.1128/genomeA.00485-16.
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