Table 1.

Controlled Trials of the Effects of Vitamin E and Insulin Sensitizers in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Author (Year)	Design	Intervention	Comparator	Duration (Months)	Histologic Improvement	ALT Improvement	Reference
Lavine (2001)	OL	Vitamin E	–	4–10	NA	+	17
Hasegawa et al. (2001)	OL	Vitamin E	–	12	+	+	18
Harrison et al. (2003)	RCT	Vitamin E and vitamin C	Placebo	6	−	−	19
Sanyal et al. (2004)	RCT	Vitamin E + pioglitazone	Vitamin E	6	+	−	20
Uygun et al. (2004)	RCT	Metformin	Diet	12	−	+	21
Bugianesi et al. (2005)	RCT	Metformin	Vitamin E or diet	12	+	+	22
Belfort et al. (2006)	RCT	Diet + pioglitazone	Diet + placebo	6	+	+	23
Dufour et al. (2006)	RCT	Vitamin E + UDCA	UDCA + placebo	24	+	+	24
Yakaryilmaz et al. (2007)	OL	Vitamin E	−	6	+	+	25
Ratziu et al. (2008)	RCT	Rosiglitazone	Placebo	12	+	−	26
Aithal et al. (2008)	RCT	Diet/exercise + pioglitazone	Diet/exercise + placebo	12	+	+	27
Nar and Gedik (2009)	RCT	Metformin	Lifestyle modification	6	NA	+	28
Omer et al. (2010)	RCT	Metformin	Rosiglitazone or   rosiglitazone + metformin	12	+	NA	29
Sanyal et al. (2010)	RCT	Pioglitazone or vitamin E	Placebo	24	+	+	30

NA, not applicable; OL, open label; RCT, randomized controlled trials; UDCA, ursodeoxycholic acid.

For improvement columns, “+” indicates improvement and “−” indicates no improvement.