Abstract
There is interobserver agreement in the assessment of various ocular signs found in coma patients. As measure for observer agreement the parameter kappa (K) was determined for (in-)equality of pupils, reaction of pupils, spontaneous eye movements, and oculocephalic responses. The agreement in the assessment of the pupils to light and in the assessment of (in-)equality of pupils appeared to be satisfactory, but more disagreement occurred in assessing spontaneous eye movements and oculocephalic responses.
Full text
PDFSelected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- BULL J. W., COUCH R. S., JOYCE D., MARSHALL J., POTTS D. G., SHAW D. A. Observer variation in cerebral angiography: an assessment of the value of minor angiographic changes in the radiological diagnosis of cerebrovascular disease. Br J Radiol. 1960 Mar;33:165–170. doi: 10.1259/0007-1285-33-387-165. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Braakman R., Avezaat C. J., Maas A. I., Roel M., Schouten H. J. Inter observer agreement in the assessment of the motor response of the Glasgow 'coma' scale. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 1977;80(2):100–106. doi: 10.1016/s0303-8467(78)80067-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Braakman R. Data bank of head injuries in three countries. Scott Med J. 1978 Jan;23(1):107–108. doi: 10.1177/003693307802300151. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bricolo A., Turazzi S., Alexandre A., Rizzuto N. Decerebrate rigidity in acute head injury. J Neurosurg. 1977 Nov;47(5):680–689. doi: 10.3171/jns.1977.47.5.0680. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gross F. The Emperor's clothes syndrome. N Engl J Med. 1971 Oct 7;285(15):863–863. doi: 10.1056/NEJM197110072851524. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- HOUFEK E. E., ELLINGSON R. J. On the reliability of clinical EEG interpretation. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1959 May;128(5):425–437. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Jennett B., Teasdale G., Braakman R., Minderhoud J., Heiden J., Kurze T. Prognosis of patients with severe head injury. Neurosurgery. 1979 Apr;4(4):283–289. doi: 10.1227/00006123-197904000-00001. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Jennett B., Teasdale G., Braakman R., Minderhoud J., Knill-Jones R. Predicting outcome in individual patients after severe head injury. Lancet. 1976 May 15;1(7968):1031–1034. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(76)92215-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Jennett B., Teasdale G., Galbraith S., Pickard J., Grant H., Braakman R., Avezaat C., Maas A., Minderhoud J., Vecht C. J. Severe head injuries in three countries. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1977 Mar;40(3):291–298. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.40.3.291. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Koran L. M. The reliability of clinical methods, data and judgments (second of two parts). N Engl J Med. 1975 Oct 2;293(14):695–701. doi: 10.1056/NEJM197510022931405. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Poulsen J., Zilstorff K. Prognostic value of the caloric-vestibular test in the unconscious patient with cranial trauma. Acta Neurol Scand. 1972;48(3):282–292. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.1972.tb07550.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Spitzer R. L., Cohen J., Fleiss J. L., Endicott J. Quantification of agreement in psychiatric diagnosis. A new approach. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1967 Jul;17(1):83–87. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1967.01730250085012. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Spitzer R. L., Fleiss J. L. A re-analysis of the reliability of psychiatric diagnosis. Br J Psychiatry. 1974 Oct;125(0):341–347. doi: 10.1192/bjp.125.4.341. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Teasdale G., Jennett B. Assessment and prognosis of coma after head injury. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1976;34(1-4):45–55. doi: 10.1007/BF01405862. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Teasdale G., Jennett B. Assessment and prognosis of coma after head injury. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1976;34(1-4):45–55. doi: 10.1007/BF01405862. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Teasdale G., Knill-Jones R., van der Sande J. Observer variability in assessing impaired consciousness and coma. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1978 Jul;41(7):603–610. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.41.7.603. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Teasdale G., Smith J. Proceedings: Eye movements and brain-stem dysfunction after head injury. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1975 Aug;38(8):822–823. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.38.8.822-b. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Van Gijn J., Bonke B. Interpretation of plantar reflexes: biasing effect of other signs and symptoms. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1977 Aug;40(8):787–789. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.40.8.787. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- White D. N., Kraus A. S., Clark J. M., Campbell J. K. Interpreter error in echoencephalography. Neurology. 1969 Aug;19(8):775–784. doi: 10.1212/wnl.19.8.775. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Woody R. H. Inter-judge reliability in clinical electroencephalography. J Clin Psychol. 1968 Apr;24(2):251–256. doi: 10.1002/1097-4679(196804)24:2<251::aid-jclp2270240241>3.0.co;2-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]