Abstract
Pemphigus are blistering autoimmune diseases related with genetic and environmental factors. Here we describe HLA genotyping in pemphigus patients. First, we review the HLA class I/II data on pemphigus reported in Brazilian samples and then present the HLA class I (-A, -B, -C) and class II (-DRB1, -DQA1, -DQB1) alleles related to susceptibility/resistance to pemphigus by comparing 86 patients with pemphigus foliaceus, 83 patients with pemphigus vulgaris, and 1592 controls from the northeastern region of the state of São Paulo, Southeastern Brazil. The data presented here are related to the manuscript “Differential HLA class I and class II associations in Pemphigus Foliaceus and Pemphigus Vulgaris patients from a prevalent Southeastern Brazilian region” Brochado et al. (2016) [1].
Specifications Table
| Subject area | Biology |
| More specific subject area | Dermatology, Immunology, and Genetics |
| Type of data | Tables |
| How data was acquired | The reviewing of the literature was made by using the Pubmed, and the HLA typing by using PCR-SSOP method |
| Data format | Analyzed |
| Experimental factors | DNA blood samples from pemphigus patients and controls |
| Experimental features | HLA class I and II typing was performed using commercial kits (One Lambda Inc., Canoga Park, CA) |
| Data source location | Northeastern region of the state of São Paulo, Southeastern Brazil |
| Data accessibility | Data is with this article |
Value of the data
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•
The literature review regarding HLA class I/II data on pemphigus is shown in tables comparing different studied Brazilian populations.
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•
The northeastern region of the state of São Paulo, Southeastern Brazil, is prevalent for both clinical forms of pemphigus–pemphigus foliaceus and pemphigus vulgaris, enabling a comparative study.
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•
HLA class I/II frequencies are detailed comparing pemphigus foliaceus and pemphigus vulgaris patients from the same endemic region.
1. Data
Table 1, Table 2 describe the HLA class I and II data related to susceptibility/resistance to pemphigus foliaceus and pemphigus vulgaris in reviewed Brazilian reports. Table 3, Table 4, Table 5, Table 6, Table 7, Table 8 show the HLA class I (-A, -B, -C) and class II (-DRB1, -DQA1, -DQB1) profile performed in pemphigus foliaceus and pemphigus vulgaris patients from Southeastern Brazil.
Table 1.
Brazilian reports on pemphigus foliaceus associated alleles.
| References | Brazilian population | Patients/Controls | DRB1* | P-value, RR or OR | DQA1* | P-value, RR | DQB1* | P-value, RR or OR | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Susceptibility – Pemphigus Foliaceus | |||||||||
| PetzL-Erler et al. (1989) [2] | North to Southwest of the state of Paraná | 48/74 | 01 | Pc=3.3×10−3, RR=6.4 | |||||
| 04 | P=3.3×10−3, RR=3.3 | ||||||||
| Moraes et al. (1991) [3] | State of São Paulo and Brasília city (Federal District) | 38/50 | 01:02 | Pc=0.002, RR=7.3 | |||||
| Cerna et al. (1993) [4] | Xavante Indians – Central Brazil | 10/74 | 04:04 | Pc=0.03, RR=9.6 | |||||
| Moraes et al. (1997) [5] | Terena Indians – state of Mato Grosso do Sul | 20/66 | 04:04 | Pc=0.022, OR=6.1 | 03:02 | Pc=0.04, OR=5.2 | |||
| Pavoni et al. (2003) [6] | State of Mato Grosso do Sul and Paraná | 128/402 | 01 | P<10−6, OR=7.4 | |||||
| 01:01 | P=0.042, OR=1.83 | ||||||||
| 01:02 | P<10−6, OR=10.36 | ||||||||
| 01:03 | P=0.025, OR=5.41 | ||||||||
| 04 | P<10−6, OR=2.66 | ||||||||
| 04:04 | P=4×10−6, OR=4.58 | ||||||||
| 04:06 | P=5.2×10−6, OR=35.85 | ||||||||
| 04:10 | P=0.046, OR=9.62 | ||||||||
| 14:06 | P=0.04, OR=4.04 | ||||||||
| 16:01 | P=0.017, OR=2.87 | ||||||||
| Brochado et al. (2016) [1] | Northeastern region of the state of São Paulo | 86/1592 | 01:01 | Pc=0.0001, RR=2.18 | 01 | Pc=0.02, RR=1.41 | 05:01 | Pc=2.5×10−10, RR=2.95 | |
| 01:02 | Pc=5.4e−10, RR=6.06 | 01:02 | Pc=3.6×10−3, RR=2.3 | ||||||
| 03 | Pc=0.01, RR=1.78 | ||||||||
| Protection – Pemphigus Foliaceus | |||||||||
| Petzl-Erler et al. (1989) [2] | North/Southwest of the state of Paraná | 48/74 | 07 | Pc=9×10−3, RR=0.06 | 02:01 | P=8.1×10−3, RR=0.27 | |||
| Moraes et al. (1991) [3] | State of São Paulo and Brasília city (Federal District) | 38/50 | 02:01 | P=0.006, RR=0.04 | |||||
| 06:02 | Pc=0.042, OR=0.15 | ||||||||
| Pavoni et al. (2003) [6] | States of Mato Grosso do Sul and Paraná | 128/402 | 03:01 | P=8.7×10−4, OR=0.23 | |||||
| 07:01 | P<10−6, OR=0.09 | ||||||||
| 08 | P=1×10−3, OR=0.27 | ||||||||
| 08:01 | P=7.2×10−3, OR=0.07 | ||||||||
| 11 | P<10−6, OR=0.09 | ||||||||
| 11:01 | P<10−6, OR=0.05 | ||||||||
| 11:04 | P=0.03, OR=0.15 | ||||||||
| 14:02 | P=0.018, OR=0.09 | ||||||||
| 15 | P=0.019, OR=0.51 | ||||||||
| Brochado et al. (2016) [1] | Northeastern region of the state of São Paulo | 11:01 | Pc=0.027, RR=0.07 | 02:01 | Pc=0.03, RR=0.34 | 03:01 | Pc=0.0002; RR=0.39 | ||
| 13:01 | Pc=0.027, OR=0.20 | 05 | Pc=1.08×10−5, RR=0.28 | 06:03 | Pc=0.023, RR=0.2 | ||||
RR=Relative risk, OR=odds ratio, Pc=P-values were corrected by the number of alleles tested for each locus.
Table 2.
Brazilian reports on pemphigus vulgaris associated alleles.
| References | Brazilian population | Patients/Controls | DRB1* | P-value, OR or RR | DQA1* | P-value, OR | DQB1* | P-value, RR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Susceptibility – Pemphigus Vulgaris | ||||||||
| Weber et al. (2011) [7] | Southeastern region of the state of São Paulo | 36/162 | 04:02 | OR=44.6 | ||||
| 08:04 | OR=18.6 | |||||||
| 14 | OR=4.8 | |||||||
| Brochado et al. (2016) [1] | Northeastern region of the state of São Paulo | 82/1592 | 04:02 | Pc=5.4×10−10, RR=12.54 | 03 | Pc=0.01, OR=2.04 | 03:02 | Pc=2.5×10−10, RR= 2.95 |
| 08:04 | Pc=5.4×10−5, RR=6 | 03:01 | Pc=3.6×10−4, OR=4 | 05:03 | Pc=0.02, OR=2.74 | |||
| 14:01 | Pc=5.4×10−10, RR=7 | |||||||
| 14:04 | Pc=5.4×10−4, RR=16.64 | |||||||
| Protection – Pemphigus Vulgaris | ||||||||
| Brochado et al. (2016) [1] | Northeastern region of the state of São Paulo | 82/1592 | 07:01 | Pc=0.027, RR=0.28 | 06:02 | Pc=0.0075, RR=0.19 | ||
RR=Relative risk, OR=odds ratio, Pc=P-values were corrected by the number of alleles tested for each locus.
Table 3.
Allelic HLA-A frequencies among Brazilian pemphigus foliaceus and pemphigus vulgaris patients as compared to controls.
| HLA-A* | Controls (n=1592) | Pemphigus foliaceus (n=83) | Pemphigus vulgaris (n=83) |
|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |
| 01 | 291 (9.14) | 12 (7.23) | 21 (12.65) |
| 02 | 1028 (32.29) | 31 (18.67)a | 38 (22.89) |
| 03 | 277 (8.70) | 18 (10.84) | 9 (5.42) |
| 04 | 1 (0.03) | 0 | 0 |
| 06 | 2 (0.06) | 0 | 0 |
| 11 | 126 (3.96) | 16 (9.64)b | 11 (6.63) |
| 23 | 127 (3.99) | 8 (4.82) | 4 (2.41) |
| 24 | 324 (10.18) | 16 (9.64) | 18 (10.84) |
| 25 | 38 (1.19) | 2 (1.20) | 4 (2.41) |
| 26 | 86 (2.70) | 5 (3.01) | 13 (7.83)c |
| 29 | 114 (3.58) | 4 (2.41) | 2 (1.20) |
| 30 | 163 (5.12) | 14 (8.43) | 11 (6.63) |
| 31 | 149 (4.68) | 6 (3.61) | 4 (2.41) |
| 32 | 95 (2.98) | 3 (1.81) | 5 (3.01) |
| 33 | 73 (2.29) | 11 (6.63)d | 6 (3.61) |
| 34 | 18 (0.57) | 3 (1.81) | 1 (0.60) |
| 36 | 13 (0.41) | 1 (0.60) | 1 (0.60) |
| 66 | 17 (0.53) | 3 (1.81) | 2 (1.20) |
| 68 | 205 (6.44) | 8 (4.82) | 13 (7.83) |
| 69 | 1 (0.03) | 0 | 0 |
| 74 | 34 (1.07) | 5 (3.01) | 1 (0.60) |
| 80 | 2 (0.06) | 0 | 2 (1.20) |
RR=Relative Risk, CI=confidence interval.
P=2.10−4, RR=0.57, 95% CI=0.42–0.80.
P=0.04, RR=2.43, 95% CI=1.5–4.0.
P=0.02, RR=2.89, 95% CI=1.65–5.08.
P=0.04, RR=2.89, 95% CI=1.56–5.34.
Table 4.
Allelic HLA-B* frequencies among Brazilian pemphigus foliaceus and pemphigus vulgaris patients as compared to controls.
| HLA-B* | Controls (n=1592) | Pemphigus foliaceus (n=83) | Pemphigus vulgaris (n=82) |
|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |
| 07 | 229 (7.19) | 13 (7.83) | 5 (3.05) |
| 08 | 111 (3.49) | 8 (4.82) | 2 (1.22) |
| 13 | 35 (1.10) | 3 (1.81) | 4 (2.44) |
| 14 | 161 (5.06) | 23 (13.86)a | 4 (2.44) |
| 15 | 379 (11.90) | 12 (7.23) | 5 (3.05)b |
| 18 | 185 (5.81) | 3 (1.81) | 5 (3.05) |
| 27 | 45 (1.41) | 3 (1.81) | 4 (2.44) |
| 35 | 444 (13.94) | 19 (11.45) | 26 (15.85) |
| 37 | 25 (0.79) | 3 (1.81) | 2 (1.22) |
| 38 | 60 (1.88) | 2 (1.20) | 12 (7.32)c |
| 39 | 113 (3.55) | 11 (6.63) | 9 (5.49) |
| 40 | 124 (3.89) | 10 (6.02) | 8 (4.88) |
| 41 | 31 (0.97) | 1 (0.60) | 1 (0.61) |
| 42 | 33 (1.04) | 2 (1.20) | 3 (1.83) |
| 44 | 333 (10.46) | 14 (8.43) | 23 (14.02) |
| 45 | 45 (1.41) | 4 (2.41) | 3 (1.83) |
| 47 | 5 (0.16) | 0 | 0 |
| 48 | 21 (0.66) | 3 (1.81) | 0 |
| 49 | 68 (2.14) | 1 (0.60) | 4 (2.44) |
| 50 | 75 (2.36) | 4 (2.41) | 4 (2.44) |
| 51 | 330 (10.36) | 8 (4.82) | 13 (7.93) |
| 52 | 49 (1.54) | 3 (1.81) | 2 (1.22) |
| 53 | 55 (1.73) | 3 (1.81) | 8 (4.88) |
| 55 | 33 (1.04) | 2 (1.20) | 4 (2.44) |
| 56 | 4 (0.13) | 1 (0.60) | 0 |
| 57 | 92 (2.89) | 6 (3.61) | 10 (6.10) |
| 58 | 86 (2.70) | 4 (2.41) | 1 (0.61) |
| 73 | 4 (0.13) | 0 | 1 (0.61) |
| 81 | 8 (0.25) | 0 | 1 (0.61) |
| 82 | 1 (0.03) | 0 | 0 |
RR=Relative Risk, CI=confidence interval.
P=6×10−4, RR=2.74, 95% CI=1.82–4.12.
P=0.003, RR=0.26, 95% CI=0.10–0.61.
P=0.003, RR=3.88, 95% CI=2.13–7.07.
Table 5.
Allelic HLA-C frequencies among Brazilian pemphigus foliaceus and pemphigus vulgaris patients as compared to controls.
| HLA-C* | Controls (n=1305) | Pemphigus foliaceus (n=83) | Pemphigus vulgaris (n=82) |
|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |
| 01 | 55 (2.11) | 3 (1.81) | 5 (3.05) |
| 02 | 176 (6.74) | 15 (9.04) | 10 (6.10) |
| 03 | 278 (10.65) | 14 (8.43) | 11 (6.71) |
| 04 | 475 (18.20) | 27 (16.27) | 32 (19.51) |
| 05 | 144 (5.52) | 8 (4.82) | 13 (7.93) |
| 06 | 212 (8.12) | 14 (8.43) | 14 (8.54) |
| 07 | 578 (22.15) | 33 (19.88) | 24 (14.63) |
| 08 | 135 (5.17) | 17 (10.24) | 5 (3.05) |
| 12 | 155 (5.94) | 10 (6.02) | 21 (12.80)a |
| 14 | 79 (3.03) | 0 | 4 (2.44) |
| 15 | 111 (4.25) | 13 (7.83) | 11 (6.71) |
| 16 | 144 (5.52) | 7 (4.22) | 10 (6.10) |
| 17 | 52 (1.99) | 3 (1.81) | 4 (2.44) |
| 18 | 16 (0.61) | 2 (1.20) | 0 |
RR=Relative Risk, CI=confidence interval
P=0.01, RR=2.16, 95% CI=1.40–3.30.
Table 6.
Allelic HLA-DRB1 frequencies among Brazilian pemphigus foliaceus and pemphigus vulgaris patients as compared to controls.
| HLA-DRB1⁎ | Controls (n=1592) | Pemphigus foliaceus (n=86) | Pemphigus vulgaris (n=82) |
|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |
| 01:01 | 150 (4.7) | 23 (13.4)a | 6 (3.7) |
| 01:02 | 113 (3.6) | 37 (21.5)b | 3 (1.8) |
| 01:03 | 22 (0.7) | 1 (0.6) | 0 |
| 03:01 | 247 (7.8) | 10 (5.8) | 4 (2.4) |
| 03:02 | 25 (0.8) | 3 (1.7) | 2 (1.2) |
| 04 | 0 | 2 (1.2) | 0 |
| 04:01 | 79 (2.5) | 3 (1.7) | 2 (1.2) |
| 04:02 | 65 (2.0) | 4 (2.3) | 42 (25.6)c |
| 04:03 | 38 (1.2) | 2 (1.2) | 4 (2.4) |
| 04:04 | 88 (2.8) | 10 (5.8) | 5 (3.1) |
| 04:05 | 63 (2.0) | 4 (2.3) | 1 (0.6) |
| 04:06 | 8 (0.3) | 1 (0.6) | 0 |
| 04:07 | 27 (0.9) | 1 (0.6) | 0 |
| 04:08 | 21 (0.7) | 2 (1.2) | 0 |
| 04:10 | 2 (0.1) | 0 | 0 |
| 04:11 | 54 (1.7) | 7 (4.1) | 2 (1.2) |
| 07:01 | 342 (10.7) | 6 (3.5) | 5 (3.1)d |
| 08:01 | 71 (2.2) | 0 | 2 (1.2) |
| 08:02 | 34 (1.1) | 3 (1.7) | 1 (0.6) |
| 08:03 | 10 (0.3) | 0 | 0 |
| 08:04 | 42 (1.3) | 2 (1.2) | 13 (7.9)e |
| 08:07 | 25 (0.8) | 1 (0.6) | 0 |
| 09:01 | 41 (1.3) | 4 (2.3) | 0 |
| 10:01 | 43 (1.4) | 1 (0.6) | 1 (0.6) |
| 11 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.6) |
| 11:01 | 258 (8.1) | 1 (0.6)f | 9 (5.5) |
| 11:02 | 72 (2.3) | 1 (0.6) | 5 (3.1) |
| 11:03 | 31 (1.0) | 0 | 0 |
| 11:04 | 138 (4.3) | 1 (0.6) | 4 (2.4) |
| 11:06 | 1 (0.03) | 0 | 0 |
| 11:13 | 1 (0.03) | 0 | 0 |
| 11:18 | 1 (0.03) | 0 | 0 |
| 12:01 | 35 (1.1) | 3 (1.7) | 1 (0.6) |
| 12:02 | 3 (0.1) | 0 | 0 |
| 13:01 | 274 (8.6) | 3 (1.7)g | 4 (2.4) |
| 13:02 | 158 (5.0) | 2 (1.2) | 3 (1.8) |
| 13:03 | 55 (1.7) | 0 | 2 (1.2) |
| 13:05 | 2 (0.1) | 0 | 0 |
| 13:06 | 1 (0.03) | 0 | 0 |
| 13:21 | 1 (0.03) | 0 | 0 |
| 13:23 | 1 (0.03) | 0 | 0 |
| 13:31 | 1 (0.03) | 0 | 0 |
| 14:01 | 70 (2.2) | 0 | 25 (15.2)h |
| 14:02 | 35 (1.1) | 1 (0.6) | 3 (1.8) |
| 14:04 | 7 (0.2) | 2 (1.2) | 6 (3.7)i |
| 14:06 | 7 (0.2) | 1 (0.6) | 0 |
| 14:09 | 1 (0.03) | 0 | 0 |
| 15:01 | 194 (6.1) | 12 (7.0) | 2 (1.2) |
| 15:02 | 24 (0.8) | 0 | 2 (1.2) |
| 15:03 | 79 (2.5) | 5 (2.9) | 0 |
| 15:04 | 1 (0.03) | 0 | 0 |
| 15:11 | 1 (0.03) | 0 | 0 |
| 16:01 | 66 (2.1) | 10 (5.8) | 2 (1.2) |
| 16:02 | 56 (1.8) | 3 (1.7) | 2 (1.2) |
RR=relative risk, CI=confidence interval.
P=1×10−4, RR=2.83, 95% CI=1.88–4.28.
P=5×10−10, RR=6.06, 95% CI=4.32–8.49.
P=5.4×10−10, RR=12.54, 95% CI=8.79–17.88.
P=0.027, RR=0.28, 95% CI=0.12–0.67.
P=5.4×10−5, RR=6.0, 95% CI=3.29–10.97.
P=0.027, RR=0.07, 95% CI=0.01–0.50.
P=0.027, RR=0.20, 95% CI=0.06–0.62.
P=5.4×10−10, RR=7.21, 95% CI=4.72–10.99.
P=5.4×10−4, RR=16.64, 95% CI=5.65–48.95.
Table 7.
Allelic HLA-DQA1 frequencies among Brazilian pemphigus foliaceus and pemphigus vulgaris patients as compared to controls.
| HLA-DQA1⁎ | Controls (n=1312) | Pemphigus foliaceus (n=86) | Pemphigus vulgaris (n=82) |
|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |
| 01 | 760 (29.0) | 70 (40.7)a | 47 (28.7) |
| 01:02 | 155 (5.9) | 24 (14.0)b | 8 (4.9) |
| 01:03 | 130 (5.0) | 3 (1.7) | 4 (2.4) |
| 01:06 | 3 (0.11) | 0 | 0 |
| 01:07 | 4 (0.15) | 2 (1.2) | 0 |
| 01:09 | 1 (0.04) | 0 | 0 |
| 02:01 | 267 (10.2) | 6 (3.5)c | 6 (3.7) |
| 03 | 318 (12.1) | 37 (21.5)d | 36 (22.0)e |
| 03:01 | 88 (3.4) | 5 (2.9) | 20 (12.2)f |
| 04 | 1 (0.04) | 0 | 0 |
| 04:01 | 146 (5.6) | 7 (4.1) | 10 (6.1) |
| 04:03 | 2 (0.1) | 0 | 0 |
| 04:04 | 2 (0.1) | 0 | 0 |
| 05 | 499 (19.0) | 9 (5.2)g | 27 (16.5) |
| 05:01 | 201 (7.7) | 9 (5.2) | 5 (3.1) |
| 05:02 | 2 (0.1) | 0 | 0 |
| 05:10 | 33 (1.3) | 0 | 1 (0.6) |
| 06:01 | 12 (0.5) | 0 | 0 |
RR=relative risk, CI=confidence interval.
P=0.02, RR=1.41, 95% CI=1.16–1.69.
P=3.6×10−3, RR=2.36, 95% CI=1.58–3.52.
P=0.03, RR=0.34, 95% CI=0.15–0.75.
P=0.01, RR=1.78, 95% CI=1.31–2.40.
P=0.01, RR=1.81, 95% CI=1.33–2.46.
P=4×10−4, RR=3.64, 95% CI=2.29–5.75.
P=1.08×10−5, RR=0.28, 95% CI=0.14–0.52.
Table 8.
Allelic HLA-DQB1 frequencies among Brazilian pemphigus foliaceus and pemphigus vulgaris patients as compared to controls.
| HLA-DQB1* | Controls (n=1411) | Pemphigus foliaceus (n=86) | Pemphigus vulgaris (n=82) |
|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |
| 02:01 | 233 (8.26) | 9 (5.23) | 4 (2.44) |
| 02:02 | 260 (9.21) | 6 (3.49) | 5 (3.05) |
| 03 | 2 (0.07) | 0 | 1 (0.61) |
| 03:01 | 626 (22.18) | 15 (8.72)a | 30 (18.29) |
| 03:02 | 297 (10.52) | 27 (15.70) | 51 (31.10)b |
| 03:03 | 75 (2.66) | 4 (2.33) | 1 (0.61) |
| 03:04 | 3 (0.11) | 0 | 0 |
| 03:05 | 1 (0.04) | 0 | 1 (0.61) |
| 03:19 | 13 (0.46) | 0 | 2 (1.22) |
| 04 | 0 | 1 (0.58) | 1 (0.61) |
| 04:01 | 3 (0.11) | 0 | 0 |
| 04:02 | 170 (6.02) | 12 (6.98) | 9 (5.49) |
| 05 | 0 | 7 (4.07) | 22 (13.41) |
| 05:01 | 328 (11.62) | 59 (34.30)c | 10 (6.10) |
| 05:02 | 91 (3.22) | 11 (6.40) | 3 (1.83) |
| 05:03 | 69 (2.45) | 1 (0.58) | 11 (6.71)d |
| 05:05 | 1 (0.04) | 0 | 0 |
| 06 | 8 (0.28) | 0 | 0 |
| 06:01 | 19 (0.67) | 0 | 3 (1.83) |
| 06:02 | 263 (9.32) | 16 (9.30) | 3 (1.83)e |
| 06:03 | 226 (8.01) | 3 (1.74)f | 4 (2.44) |
| 06:04 | 99 (3.51) | 1 (0.58) | 3 (1.83) |
| 06:09 | 29 (1.03) | 0 | 0 |
| 06:11 | 5 (0.18) | 0 | 0 |
| 16:02 | 1 (0.04) | 0 | 0 |
RR=relative risk, CI=confidence interval.
P=2×10−4, RR=0.39, 95% CI=0.24–0.64.
P=2.5×10−10, RR=2.95, 95% CI=2.3–3.80.
P=2.5×10−10, RR=2.95, 95% CI=2.34–3.71.
P=0.02, RR=2.74, 95% CI=1.49–5.08.
P=7.5×10−3, RR=0.19, 95% CI=0.06–0.60.
P=0.02, RR=0.22, 95% CI=0.07–0.67.
2. Experimental design, materials, and methods
A summary of Brazilian data regarding associations between HLA and pemphigus was obtained in PubMed. A hundred and sixty-nine patients followed up at the University Hospital of the Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo, Brazil, were evaluated. Eighty-six and 83 patients exhibited PF and PV, respectively. The control group consisted of 1592 healthy individuals living in the northeastern region of the state of São Paulo, Southeastern Brazil. HLA class I and II typing was performed at low/high resolution by using commercial kits, according to the manufacturer׳s protocol (One Lambda Inc., Canoga Park, CA). The allelic frequencies of the HLA class I and II genes were estimated by direct counting. Comparison of allele frequency among the groups was performed by using Fisher׳s exact test or the Chi-square test. Significant P-values were corrected by the number of alleles tested for each locus. The relative risk (RR) 95% was estimated. Statistical analysis was performed with SAS 9.3 (SAS Institute Inc, EUA) and Epi InfoTM 7.0 (CDC, USA) software. Values P≤0.05 were considered significant. All the participants provided an informed written consent to participate in this study. The local Ethics Committee (#12248/2010) approved this study.
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by FAPESP (Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo) (#2010/51729-2). The first author received a post-doctorate scholarship from FAPESP, and the 2nd author received a doctorate scholarship from CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa). The authors thank the clinical staff of the outpatient autoimmune dermatoses clinic at the University Hospital of Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
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