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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Jun 14.
Published in final edited form as: Circulation. 2016 Jun 14;133(24):2459–2502. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.022194

Figure 5. Randomized, controlled, cardiovascular outcome trials of glucose-lowering drugs or strategies in people with type 2 diabetes.

Figure 5

ACS=acute coronary syndrome; ASCVD=atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease including myocardial infarction or ischemic stroke; CV risk=increase risk for cardiovascular disease based on risk factors, but not ischemic ASCVD; HR=hazard ratio; MACE=major adverse cardiovascular event: cardiovascular mortality, myocardial infarction, stroke; RRR=relative risk reduction; SFU=sulfonylurea. T2DM=type 2 diabetes mellitus; MACE=cardiovascular mortality, myocardial infarction, stroke.

Studies: ACCORD, Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes;333 ACCORDION, ACCORD Follow-on study;391 ADDITION, Intensive Treatment in People With Screen Detected Diabetes in Primary Care;392 ADVANCE, Action in Diabetes and Vascular Disease Preterax and Diamicron MR Controlled Evaluation;334 BARI 2D, Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation in Type 2 Diabetes;104 DIGAMI2, Diabetes Mellitus Insulin Glucose Infusion in Acute Myocardial Infarction;393 ELIXA, Evaluation of Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes After Acute Coronary Syndrome During Treatment With Lixisenatide;382 EMPA-REG OUTCOME, (Empagliflozin) Cardiovascular Outcome Event Trial in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients; 373 EXAMINE trial, EXamination of cArdiovascular outcoMes with alogliptIN versus standard of care;383 HEART2D, Hyperglycemia and its Effect After Acute Myocardial Infarction on Cardiovascular Outcomes in patients with Type 2 Diabetes;394 Look AHEAD, Action for Health in Diabetes;284 ORIGIN, Outcome Reduction With Initial Glargine Intervention;347 PROactive, PROspective pioglitAzone Clinical Trial In macroVascular Events;102 RECORD, Rosiglitazone evaluated for cardiovascular outcomes in oral agent combination therapy for type 2 diabetes;370 SAVOR-TIMI53, Saxagliptin Assessment of Vascular Outcomes Recorded in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus-Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction 53;395 Steno-2, Multifactorial Intervention in Type 2 Diabetes at the Steno Diabetes Center;176,366 TECOS, Trial Evaluating Cardiovascular Outcomes With Sitagliptin; 386 UKPDS, United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study;41,103,199 VADT, Veterans Affairs Diabetes Trial.335,345

Reference: Data taken from Holman RR, Sourij H, Califf RM. Cardiovascular outcome trials of glucose-lowering drugs or strategies in type 2 diabetes. Lancet. 2014;383:2008–2011.396