Table 1.
28-day condition (n=28)† | 56-day condition (n=25)† | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Characteristic | Mean | SD | n (%) | Mean | SD | n (%) |
Age (years) | 21.0 | (2.5) | 19.9 | (2.7) | ||
Male | 15 (54) | 16 (64) | ||||
Caucasian | 21 (81) | 16 (70) | ||||
Intravenous opioid user | 16 (57) | 15 (60) | ||||
Heroin primary opioid used | 24 (86) | 19 (76) | ||||
Age of first opioid use | 17.0 | (2.1) | 16.0 | (2.1) | ||
Age of regular opioid use onset | 17.7 | (2.3) | 17.1 | (2.4) | ||
Years of regular opioid use | 3.6 | (2.2) | 2.9 | (1.6) | ||
≥3 Bags of heroin per day | 23 (82) | 15 (60) | ||||
DSM-IV diagnoses (met criteria at intake) | ||||||
Mixed anxiety/depression | 20 (71) | 15 (60) | ||||
Major depressive disorder | 14 (52) | 13 (52) | ||||
Manic episode disorder | 12 (44) | 9 (36) | ||||
Oppositional defiant disorder | 9 (32) | 10 (42) | ||||
Conduct disorder | 8 (29) | 8 (33) | ||||
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder | 14 (50) | 8 (32) | ||||
Homeless | 2 (7) | 3 (12) | ||||
Starting Dose for Taper | ||||||
16 mg | 5 (18) | 2 (8) | ||||
12 mg | 3 (11) | 5 (20) | ||||
8 mg | 17 (61) | 11 (44) | ||||
6 mg | 3 (11) | 7 (28) | ||||
Days used heroin in last 90 days | 67.9 | (30.3) | 59.8 | (33.0) | ||
Days used prescription opioids in last 90 days | 16.5 | (31.3) | 16.2 | (27.6) | ||
Prior substance use related ER visits | 0.9 | (2.1) | 0.84 | (1.4) | ||
Prior outpatient substance use treatment episodes | 0.5 | (0.9) | 0.8 | (1.4) | ||
Prior inpatient substance use treatment episodes | 0.7 | (1.2) | 2.4 | (5.1) | ||
Other substance dependence (present at intake) | ||||||
Alcohol | 7 (25) | 7 (28) | ||||
Cannabis | 6 (21) | 7 (28) | ||||
Nicotine | 20 (71) | 8 (32) | ||||
Cocaine | 7 (25) | 7 (28) | ||||
Amphetamine | 2 (7) | 1 (4) |
No significant differences were observed between treatment group participant characteristics (p = 0.05) except for nicotine dependence.
28 or 25 participants were available for all variables in the table with the exception of: Caucasian (n=26 for the 28-day taper & n=23 for the 56-day taper), major depressive disorder (n=27 for the 28-day taper), manic episode disorder (n=27 for the 28-day taper), oppositional defiant disorder (n=24 for the 56-day taper), conduct disorder (n=24 for the 56-day taper).