Table 1.
Participant Characteristics by Taper Condition at Treatment Intake*
| 28-day condition (n=28)† | 56-day condition (n=25)† | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | Mean | SD | n (%) | Mean | SD | n (%) |
| Age (years) | 21.0 | (2.5) | 19.9 | (2.7) | ||
| Male | 15 (54) | 16 (64) | ||||
| Caucasian | 21 (81) | 16 (70) | ||||
| Intravenous opioid user | 16 (57) | 15 (60) | ||||
| Heroin primary opioid used | 24 (86) | 19 (76) | ||||
| Age of first opioid use | 17.0 | (2.1) | 16.0 | (2.1) | ||
| Age of regular opioid use onset | 17.7 | (2.3) | 17.1 | (2.4) | ||
| Years of regular opioid use | 3.6 | (2.2) | 2.9 | (1.6) | ||
| ≥3 Bags of heroin per day | 23 (82) | 15 (60) | ||||
| DSM-IV diagnoses (met criteria at intake) | ||||||
| Mixed anxiety/depression | 20 (71) | 15 (60) | ||||
| Major depressive disorder | 14 (52) | 13 (52) | ||||
| Manic episode disorder | 12 (44) | 9 (36) | ||||
| Oppositional defiant disorder | 9 (32) | 10 (42) | ||||
| Conduct disorder | 8 (29) | 8 (33) | ||||
| Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder | 14 (50) | 8 (32) | ||||
| Homeless | 2 (7) | 3 (12) | ||||
| Starting Dose for Taper | ||||||
| 16 mg | 5 (18) | 2 (8) | ||||
| 12 mg | 3 (11) | 5 (20) | ||||
| 8 mg | 17 (61) | 11 (44) | ||||
| 6 mg | 3 (11) | 7 (28) | ||||
| Days used heroin in last 90 days | 67.9 | (30.3) | 59.8 | (33.0) | ||
| Days used prescription opioids in last 90 days | 16.5 | (31.3) | 16.2 | (27.6) | ||
| Prior substance use related ER visits | 0.9 | (2.1) | 0.84 | (1.4) | ||
| Prior outpatient substance use treatment episodes | 0.5 | (0.9) | 0.8 | (1.4) | ||
| Prior inpatient substance use treatment episodes | 0.7 | (1.2) | 2.4 | (5.1) | ||
| Other substance dependence (present at intake) | ||||||
| Alcohol | 7 (25) | 7 (28) | ||||
| Cannabis | 6 (21) | 7 (28) | ||||
| Nicotine | 20 (71) | 8 (32) | ||||
| Cocaine | 7 (25) | 7 (28) | ||||
| Amphetamine | 2 (7) | 1 (4) | ||||
*
No significant differences were observed between treatment group participant characteristics (p = 0.05) except for nicotine dependence.
†
28 or 25 participants were available for all variables in the table with the exception of: Caucasian (n=26 for the 28-day taper & n=23 for the 56-day taper), major depressive disorder (n=27 for the 28-day taper), manic episode disorder (n=27 for the 28-day taper), oppositional defiant disorder (n=24 for the 56-day taper), conduct disorder (n=24 for the 56-day taper).