Table 4.
Odds of osteoporosis in HIV/hepatitis C virus coinfection versus HIV monoinfection and predictors of osteoporosis in multivariate models.
| Author | Osteoporosis OR (95% CI) | Predictors of osteoporosis in multivariate model |
|---|---|---|
| Anastos et al. [28] | 2.01 (0.68–5.95) | Lower BMI, postmenopausal status |
| Bonjoch et al. [29] | 1.66 (1.14–2.43) | NAa |
| Lawson-Ayayi et al.b [39] | 2.26 (1.58–3.24) | Viral hepatitis (HCV or HBV)c older age, MSM, low BMI <20 kg/m2 |
| Lo Re III et al.d [20] | 1.81 (1.19–2.76) | Viral hepatitis (HCV or HBV)c older age, female, lower BMI, time since HIV diagnosis, ART use, physical activity, smoking |
| Sharma et al. [38] | 0.86 (0.45–1.62) | HCV-infection, AIDS diagnosis and heroin use in past 5 years, current methadone use, baseline BMD (kg/m2) |
| Sharma et al. [31] | 1.89 (0.56–6.41) | HCV-infection, older age, lower BMI, smoking history, postmenopausal, methadone use, PI use ≥3 years |
| Yin et al. [33] | 1.98 (0.69–5.67) | Older age, lower BMI, HIV status |
ART, antiretroviral therapy; NA, not applicable; PI, protease inhibitor.
a
Did not conduct a multivariate analysis.
b
Study included HIV/viral hepatitis (HBV or HCV) coinfected individuals; 77% were HIV/HCV-coinfected.
c
Predictor only in coinfected women.
d
Study included HIV/viral hepatitis (HBV or HCV) coinfected individuals; additional data specific to HIV/HCV-coinfected individuals provided by authors to calculate the OR reported here.