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. 2016 Jan 13;149(5):1252–1260. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2015.11.015

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Schematic parameterization of the Valsalva maneuver. Valsalva maneuver tracing from a patient with autonomic failure is shown, with BP displayed on top and expiratory Valsalva pressure on the bottom. Annotations include the bsl systolic BP (SBP) prior to the Valsalva maneuver, the peak SBP during Valsalva 1p, 2n, and 3n. Arrow a represents the SBP difference between bsl and end of phase 2, or the total BP recovery; arrow b represents the SBP difference between bsl and 3n. PRT represents the time between the BP nadir of Valsalva release until BP recovery back to bsl at point r. The adrenergic baroreflex sensitivity is equal to the BP difference represented by arrow b divided by the PRT. 1p = phase 1; 2n = the nadir of Valsalva phase 2; 3n = the nadir of phase 3; bsl = baseline; PRT = pressure recovery time.