Fig. 5.

KPE and PMFs suppressed muscular inflammation in vivo and in vitro.Total RNA was extracted from mouse soleus muscles after physical fitness measurement tests had been completed. mRNA expressions of IL-6 (A) and TNF-α (B) were evaluated using real-time PCR. C2C12 differentiated with KPE (10 μg/mL) and compounds 1–8 (10 μM) were cultured with LPS (final concentration: 1 μg/mL) for 1 h. Total RNA was extracted from cells and the mRNA expression of IL-6 (C) and TNF-α (D) was evaluated. Each column represents the mean with the S.E. (A and B: n = 14, C and D: n = 4). Asterisks denote significant differences from the control (A and B) or the control only treated with LPS (C and D) at *: p<0.05, **: p<0.01, respectively.