The specificity of this proposed method for β-gal against common competing proteins (5 nM): ChT, GOx, PhosB, Lip, Mayo, and BSA. (a) UV-vis absorption spectra of the colorimetric assay toward various protein competitors. (b) The blue shift in the longitudinal LSPR peak of the specificity of β-gal against various protein competitors (insert: the corresponding photographs). Error bars represent the standard deviation of three replicates.