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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Small. 2016 Mar 21;12(18):2469–2475. doi: 10.1002/smll.201503682

Scheme 1.

Scheme 1

Sensing mechanism of enzyme-induced AuNR-based colorimetric assay for the monitoring and measuring of β-gal concentration. Three steps are involved: (i) β-gal converts PAPG into PAP serving as weak reducing agent, (ii) PAP reduces silver ions to metallic silver, and (iii) the AuNRs are coated with metallic silver, resulting in various colorful detection solutions.