Table 1. Examples of Geriatric Oncology Research that Supports Behavioral, Cancer Control, and Survivorship Interventions.

Research Priority	Study	N =	Age (y), Characteristics	Objective	Results
GA	Hurria, et al8	500	Median age 73; Mixed solid tumor types and lymphomas	To develop a predictive model for grade 3 to 5 toxicity	Grade 3 to 5 toxicity occurred in 53% of patients; Predictive factors included age ≥ 72, tumor type, chemotherapy dosing and number of agents, anemia, reduced creatinine clearance, hearing loss, history of falls, needing medication assistance, reduced ability to walk one block and decreased social activities due to health
GA	Extermann, et al12	518	Median age 76; Mixed solid tumor types and lymphomas	To create and validate a list of variables used to predict chemotherapy toxicity	Severe toxicity observed in 64% of patients; Predictors of hematologic toxicity were lymphocytes, AST level, IADL, LDH, DBP and chemotherapy intensity; Predictors of nonhematologic toxicity were hemoglobin, creatinine clearance, albumin, self-rated health, ECOG PS, MMSE, MNA and chemotherapy intensity.
GA	Karnesvaran, et al14	249	Median age 77; solid tumor malignancies included	To determine the impact of each GA domain on OS	Age, albumin, ECOG PS, GDS score, high malnutrition risk and advanced disease were independent predictors of survival.
GA	Palumbo, et al13	869	Median age 74, newly diagnosed MM patients	To identify a scoring system based on geriatric parameters to predict OS	Age, comorbidities, cognitive and physical impairments identified patients who were most likely to have toxicity from therapy, discontinue therapy, or die.
GA and management	Caillet, et al45	375	Mean age 79.6, solid tumor malignancies included	To identify GA components independently associated with changes in planned cancer treatments	After GA, initial treatment plan was modified in 20.8% of patients; factors independently associated with cancer treatment changes were ADL score and malnutrition.
GA and management	Kalsi, et al46	65	Mean age 75.8; all types of cancer	To evaluate the impact of geriatrician-delivered GA interventions on chemotherapy toxicity and tolerance	Participants received a mean of 6.2 interventions (range 0-15). They were more likely to complete cancer treatment as planned compared to a historical cohort.
GA and management	Baitar, et al27	1550	Patients age ≥70 at time of diagnosis of cancer or disease progression	To describe and evaluate the implementation of geriatric recommendations based on GA	A median of 2 geriatric recommendations (range 1-6) were given to 76% of the evaluable patients (n=710). 35% of all the recommendations were performed. Most common were referrals to dietician, social worker, and psychologist.
GA and management	Corre et al28	494	Patients age ≥70 with advanced lung cancer	To evaluate the impact of CGA allocated treatment on treatment failure free survival	Although there was no improvement in survival outcomes, the prevalence of overall toxicities (85.6% vs 93.4%, p=.015) and treatment failures as a result of toxicity were significantly decreased (4.8% vs 11.8%, p=.007) in the CGA arm.
Physical Activity and Nutrition	Morey, et al47	641	Survivors aged 65-91 years who were overweight	To evaluate the impact of a home-based telephone and education program on mediating functional decline in RCT	Mean functional scores on SF-36 declined less rapidly in the intervention group. Physical activity, dietary behaviors and QoL increased significantly in intervention group compared with control group. Weight loss was greater in the intervention group.
Survivorship	Faul, et al40	328	Women with invasive, nonmetastatic breast cancer	To examine the receipt of SCPs among older breast cancer survivors and association with outcomes	35% of women received SCP. Increasing age was associated with lower odds of receiving SCP. SCPs were associated with greater knowledge and understanding; however functioning was not significantly different.
Ongoing study: GA and management	Mohile, et al	688	Patients age ≥70 with advanced solid tumor malignancy receiving treatment	To compare GA with management to usual care for reducing chemotherapy toxicity	Study Ongoing
Ongoing study: Biologic Predictors of Outcome	Hurria, et al	500	Patients age ≥65 with stage I-III breast cancer receiving adjuvant chemotherapy	To identify clinical and biological predictors for toxicity to adjuvant and neoadjuvant chemotherapy in older breast cancer patients	Study Ongoing
Ongoing study: Physical Activity and Biomarkers	Muss, et al	100	Breast cancer patients age ≥65	To evaluate the impact of a physical activity intervention program on biomarkers of aging and body composition	Study Ongoing

GA = Geriatric assessment; PS = Performance status; ADL = Activities of Daily Living, IDL = Instrumental Activities of Daily Living; AST = Aspartate aminotransferase level; LDH = Lactate Dehydrogenase; DBP = Diastolic blood pressure; MMSE = Mini Mental Status; MNA = Mini Nutritional assessment; OS = overall survival; MM = Multiple myeloma; SCP = Survivorship Care Plan