Abstract
A way to assess specific CD8+ T-cell activity in a skin test analogous to the conventional delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction for CD4+ T cells is presented. Local injection of viral class I binding peptides caused a specific CD8+ T-cell-mediated DTH in footpads of virally infected mice. The DTH was inducible only during the acute phase of the infection. Apparently because of the short half-life of locally available peptide, only activated CD8+ effector T cells could mediate the reaction. This skin test may prove to be particularly interesting for use in humans to evaluate the activation status of CD8+ T cells during acute viral infections and of memory CD8+ T cells, for example, in chronically active immunopathological disease or infection.
Full text
PDFSelected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Aichele P., Hengartner H., Zinkernagel R. M., Schulz M. Antiviral cytotoxic T cell response induced by in vivo priming with a free synthetic peptide. J Exp Med. 1990 May 1;171(5):1815–1820. doi: 10.1084/jem.171.5.1815. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Askenase P. W., Hayden B. J., Gershon R. K. Augmentation of delayed-type hypersensitivity by doses of cyclophosphamide which do not affect antibody responses. J Exp Med. 1975 Mar 1;141(3):697–702. doi: 10.1084/jem.141.3.697. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bianchi A. T., Hooijkaas H., Benner R., Tees R., Nordin A. A., Schreier M. H. Clones of helper T cells mediate antigen-specific, H-2-restricted DTH. Nature. 1981 Mar 5;290(5801):62–63. doi: 10.1038/290062a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Buchmeier M. J., Welsh R. M., Dutko F. J., Oldstone M. B. The virology and immunobiology of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection. Adv Immunol. 1980;30:275–331. doi: 10.1016/s0065-2776(08)60197-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Cher D. J., Mosmann T. R. Two types of murine helper T cell clone. II. Delayed-type hypersensitivity is mediated by TH1 clones. J Immunol. 1987 Jun 1;138(11):3688–3694. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Claman H. N. Hypothesis. T-cell tolerance--one signal? Cell Immunol. 1979 Nov;48(1):201–207. doi: 10.1016/0008-8749(79)90112-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Cobbold S. P., Jayasuriya A., Nash A., Prospero T. D., Waldmann H. Therapy with monoclonal antibodies by elimination of T-cell subsets in vivo. Nature. 1984 Dec 6;312(5994):548–551. doi: 10.1038/312548a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Colvin R. B., Pinn V. W., Simpson B. A., Dvorak H. F. Cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity. IV. The "late reaction": sequel to Jones-Mote type hypersensitivity. Comparison with rabbit Arthus reaction. Effect of passive antibody on induction and expression of Jones-Mote hypersensitivity. J Immunol. 1973 May;110(5):1279–1289. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Crowle A. J. Delayed hypersensitivity in the mouse. Adv Immunol. 1975;20:197–264. doi: 10.1016/s0065-2776(08)60209-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Germain R. N. Immunology. The ins and outs of antigen processing and presentation. Nature. 1986 Aug 21;322(6081):687–689. doi: 10.1038/322687a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Huber B., Devinsky O., Gershon R. K., Cantor H. Cell-mediated immunity: delayed-type hypersensitivity and cytotoxic responses are mediated by different T-cell subclasses. J Exp Med. 1976 Jun 1;143(6):1534–1539. doi: 10.1084/jem.143.6.1534. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Jamieson B. D., Ahmed R. T cell memory. Long-term persistence of virus-specific cytotoxic T cells. J Exp Med. 1989 Jun 1;169(6):1993–2005. doi: 10.1084/jem.169.6.1993. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Leist T. P., Cobbold S. P., Waldmann H., Aguet M., Zinkernagel R. M. Functional analysis of T lymphocyte subsets in antiviral host defense. J Immunol. 1987 Apr 1;138(7):2278–2281. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lin Y. L., Askonas B. A. Biological properties of an influenza A virus-specific killer T cell clone. Inhibition of virus replication in vivo and induction of delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions. J Exp Med. 1981 Aug 1;154(2):225–234. doi: 10.1084/jem.154.2.225. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Malik A., Egan J. E., Houghten R. A., Sadoff J. C., Hoffman S. L. Human cytotoxic T lymphocytes against the Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Apr 15;88(8):3300–3304. doi: 10.1073/pnas.88.8.3300. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Moore M. W., Carbone F. R., Bevan M. J. Introduction of soluble protein into the class I pathway of antigen processing and presentation. Cell. 1988 Sep 9;54(6):777–785. doi: 10.1016/s0092-8674(88)91043-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Morita C. T., Goodman J. W., Lewis G. K. Arsonate-specific murine T cell clones. II. Delayed-type hypersensitivity induced by P-azobenzenearsonate-L-tyrosine (ABA-Tyr). J Immunol. 1985 May;134(5):2894–2899. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Morrison L. A., Lukacher A. E., Braciale V. L., Fan D. P., Braciale T. J. Differences in antigen presentation to MHC class I-and class II-restricted influenza virus-specific cytolytic T lymphocyte clones. J Exp Med. 1986 Apr 1;163(4):903–921. doi: 10.1084/jem.163.4.903. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Moskophidis D., Fang L., Gossmann J., Drjupin R., Löhler J., Bruns M., Lehmann-Grube F. Virus-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH). Cells mediating lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus-specific DTH reaction in mice. J Immunol. 1990 Mar 1;144(5):1926–1934. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Pircher H., Moskophidis D., Rohrer U., Bürki K., Hengartner H., Zinkernagel R. M. Viral escape by selection of cytotoxic T cell-resistant virus variants in vivo. Nature. 1990 Aug 16;346(6285):629–633. doi: 10.1038/346629a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Puddington L., Bevan M. J., Rose J. K., Lefrançois L. N protein is the predominant antigen recognized by vesicular stomatitis virus-specific cytotoxic T cells. J Virol. 1986 Nov;60(2):708–717. doi: 10.1128/jvi.60.2.708-717.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Richerson H. B., Dvorak H. F., Leskowitz S. Cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity. I. A new look at the Jones-Mote reaction, general characteristics. J Exp Med. 1970 Sep 1;132(3):546–557. doi: 10.1084/jem.132.3.546. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- SALVIN S. B. Occurrence of delayed hypersensitivity during the development of Arthus type hypersensitivity. J Exp Med. 1958 Jan 1;107(1):109–124. doi: 10.1084/jem.107.1.109. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Tamura S. I., Chiba J., Kojima A., Uchida N. Properties of cloned T cells that mediate delayed-type hypersensitivity against ovalbumin in mice. Cell Immunol. 1983 Feb 15;76(1):156–170. doi: 10.1016/0008-8749(83)90358-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Townsend A. R., McMichael A. J. Specificity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes stimulated with influenza virus. Studies in mice and humans. Prog Allergy. 1985;36:10–43. doi: 10.1159/000409860. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Vadas M. A., Miller J. F., McKenzie I. F., Chism S. E., Shen F. W., Boyse E. A., Gamble J. R., Whitelaw A. M. Ly and Ia antigen phenotypes of T cells involved in delayed-type hypersensitivity and in suppression. J Exp Med. 1976 Jul 1;144(1):10–19. doi: 10.1084/jem.144.1.10. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Van Bleek G. M., Nathenson S. G. Isolation of an endogenously processed immunodominant viral peptide from the class I H-2Kb molecule. Nature. 1990 Nov 15;348(6298):213–216. doi: 10.1038/348213a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Widmann C., Maryanski J. L., Romero P., Corradin G. Differential stability of antigenic MHC class I-restricted synthetic peptides. J Immunol. 1991 Dec 1;147(11):3745–3751. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Woodward J. G., Matsushima G., Frelinger J. A., Stohlman S. A. Production and characterization of T cell clones specific for mouse hepatitis virus, strain JHM: in vivo and in vitro analysis. J Immunol. 1984 Aug;133(2):1016–1021. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Zinkernagel R. M., Adler B., Holland J. J. Cell-mediated immunity to vesicular stomatitis virus infections in mice. Exp Cell Biol. 1978;46(1-2):53–70. doi: 10.1159/000162882. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Zinkernagel R. M. Antiviral T-cell memory? Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 1990;159:65–77. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-75244-5_4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Zinkernagel R. M. H-2 restriction of virus-specific T-cell-mediated effector functions in vivo. II. Adoptive transfer of delayed-type hypersensitivity to murine lymphocytic choriomeningits virus is restriced by the K and D region of H-2. J Exp Med. 1976 Sep 1;144(3):776–787. doi: 10.1084/jem.144.3.776. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]