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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Evolution. 2016 Jun 24;70(8):1871–1881. doi: 10.1111/evo.12973

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Effects of M. extorquens acting as a mutualist. A) The average change in percentage of cooperators in the S. enterica population in 3-species simulations relative to paired 2-species simulations after growing to the carrying capacity. B) The ratio of nitrogen to carbon byproducts in 2 and 3-species simulations after 80 simulated hours of growth. C) The average change in percentage of cooperators with adjusted nitrogen uptake in the S. enterica population in 3-species simulations relative to paired 2-species simulations after growing to the carrying capacity. D) Laboratory data on the growth rate of cooperator S. enterica (black bars) and non-excreting S. enterica (open bars) in monocultures in 48-well plates with glucose as the carbon source and variable concentrations of ammonia. All error bars represent standard error.