Extended Data Figure 7. Admixture from ghost populations using ‘cline intersection’.

We model each Test population (purple) in panels (a-f) as a mixture (pink) of a fixed reference population (blue) and a ghost population (orange) residing on the cline defined by two other populations (red and green) according to the visualization method of Supplementary Information, section 10. (a) Early/Middle Bronze Age steppe populations are a mixture of Iran_ChL and a population on the WHG→SHG cline. (b) Scandinavian hunter-gatherers (SHG) are a mixture of WHG and a population on the Iran_ChL→Steppe_EMBA cline. (c) Caucasus hunter-gatherers (CHG) are a mixture of Iran_N and both WHG and EHG. (d) Late Neolithic/Bronze Age Europeans are a mixture of the preceding Europe_MNChL population and a population with both EHG and Iran_ChL ancestry. (e) Somali are a mixture of Mota⁵⁰ and a population on the Iran_ChL→Levant_BA cline. (f) Eastern European hunter-gatherers (EHG) are a mixture of WHG and a population on the Onge→Han cline.