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. 2016 Sep 1;5(1):1474. doi: 10.1186/s40064-016-3155-8

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© The Author(s) 2016

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

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Fig. 1 — Transverse (a) and traced (b) images of the trunk muscles at the L3–4 disc level. In the present study, the cross-sectional areas (CSAs) on each side of midline are grouped in 5 large areas (1 rectus abdominis, 2 obliques, 3 psoas, 4 quadratus lumborum, 5 lumbar erector spinae plus multifidus)