Table 3. Intra-rater reliability of gravity-based inclinometer and iPhone® app.
| Rater | Measurement | Intra-rater reliability | Gravity-based inclinometer | iPhone® app | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Within-day (2 h) | Between-day (48 h) | Within-day (2 h) | Between-day (48 h) | |||
| A | Flexion ROMa | ICCb (95% CIc) | 0.89 (0.77–0.94) | 0.87 (0.74–0.94) | 0.92 (0.84–0.96) | 0.87 (0.73–0.94) |
| SEMd | 2.60° | 2.65° | 2.41° | 2.99° | ||
| 2 SEMse | 5.20° | 5.30° | 4.82° | 5.98° | ||
| MDC95f | 7.20° | 7.34° | 6.69° | 7.96° | ||
| Extension ROMa | ICCb (95% CIc) | 0.92 (0.83–0.96) | 0.91 (0.82–0.96) | 0.92 (0.83–0.96) | 0.90 (0.78–0.95) | |
| SEMd | 2.30° | 2.30° | 2.25° | 2.55° | ||
| 2 SEMse | 4.60° | 4.60° | 4.50° | 5.10° | ||
| MDC95f | 6.39° | 6.39° | 6.24° | 7.07° | ||
| B | Flexion ROMa | ICCb (95% CIc) | 0.85 (0.69–0.93) | 0.84 (0.67–0.93) | 0.92 (0.83–0.96) | 0.90 (0.80–0.95) |
| SEMd | 2.12° | 2.21° | 2.10° | 2.46° | ||
| 2 SEMse | 4.24° | 4.42° | 4.20° | 4.92° | ||
| MDC95f | 5.88° | 6.13° | 5.82° | 6.82° | ||
| Extension ROMa | ICCb (95% CIc) | 0.88 (0.75–0.94) | 0.85 (0.68–0.93) | 0.91 (0.81–0.96) | 0.85 (0.68–0.93) | |
| SEMd | 2.89° | 2.95° | 2.33° | 2.74° | ||
| 2 SEMse | 5.78° | 5.90° | 4.66° | 5.48° | ||
| MDC95f | 8.01° | 8.18° | 6.46° | 7.59° | ||
Notes.
a
ROM, Range of motion.
b
ICC, Intraclass correlation coefficient.
c
CI, Confidence interval.
d
SEM, Standard error of measurement.
e
2 SEMs, Two standard errors of measurement.
f
MDC95, Minimum detectable change at the 95% confidence level.