Table 1.

Descriptive statistics for the longitudinal sample at baseline (age 18)

Baseline Characteristics at Age 18	Study Sample (n = 4072)
Sex	%
Male	43.1%
Female	56.9%
Race/Ethnicity
White	84.0%
Black	7.0%
Hispanic	3.5%
Other race	5.5%
Parental Education
At least one parent has a college degree or higher	42.2%
Neither parent has a college degree	57.8%
Region
Northeast	22.1%
Midwest	32.5%
South	29.4%
West	15.9%
Urbanicity
Large metropolitan statistical area	23.5%
Other metropolitan statistical area	45.6%
Non-metropolitan statistical area	30.9%
12th Grade Cohort Year
1976–1980	29.3%
1981–1985	24.5%
1986–1990	23.0%
1991–1996	23.3%
Context of lifetime prescription opioid exposure
No lifetime medical or nonmedical use	78.0%
Lifetime medical use only	13.6%
Lifetime medical and nonmedical use	5.4%
Lifetime nonmedical use only	3.0%

Note: Weighted samples and estimates are provided.