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For each trait, the data was normalized to the plot average to remove the effect of environment and genotype. The plots display the quadrant average as a line with the 95% confidence interval calculated using standard error as the ribbon. (A) Percentage protein and percentage oil in 2010. (B) Elements (from 2010 to 2012) with a significant (p < 1e − 10) effect of gradient in an ANOVA analysis that included Entry, Year, Position and thinning.
