Table 2.

Histologic Findings and Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy (CLE) Measurements

Histologic Findinga	Baseline On PPIs Median (Range)	Week 1 Off PPIs Median (Range)	Absolute Difference Baseline-Week 1	Week 2 Off PPIs Median (Range)	Absolute Difference Baseline-Week 2
Intraepithelial lymphocytes	0 (0–2)	1 (1–2)	.67 95%CI .25 − 1.08 p=.005	1 (1–2)	.58 95%CI .26 − .91 p=.002
Intraepithelial neutrophils	0 (0)	0 (0–2)	.17 95%CI −.20 − .53 p=.32	0 (0–2)	.25 95%CI −.14 − .64 p=.18
Intraepithelial eosinophils	0 (0–1)	0 (0–1)	.08 95%CI −.10 − .27 p=.32	0 (0–1)	.08 95%CI −.10 − .27 p=.32
Basal cell and papillary hyperplasia	.5 (0–1)	2 (1–3)	1.25 95%CI .86 − 1.64 p=.002	2 (1–3)	1.42 95%CI .91 − 1.92 p=.003
Spongiosis (dilated intercellular spaces)	.5 (0–1)	2 (1–3)	1.17 95%CI .80 − 1.53 p<.0001	2 (1–3)	1.25 95%CI .86 − 1.65 p<.0001
CLE Measurementsb	Mean ± SD (n)	Mean ± SD (n)		Mean ± SD (n)
Intercellular space distal esophagus (μm)	3.2 ± 0.6 (n=8)	4.0 ± 0.5 (n=8)	.82 95%CI .10 − 1.54 p=.031	5.1 ± 1.1 (n=8)	1.91 95%CI 1.0 − 2.81 p=.002
Intercellular space proximal esophagus (μm)	3.5 ± 0.5 (n=8)	4.7 ± 1.3 (n=7)	1.32 95%CI .05 − 2.60 p=.044	5.7 ± 1.2 (n=7)	.2.53 95%CI 1.62 − 3.45 p=.001
Capillary width distal esophagus (μm)	11.0 ± 1.6 (n=7)	14.1 ± 3.0 (n=7)	3.03 95%CI .76 − 5.3 p=.017	15.0 ± 2.6 (n=6)	3.87 95%CI .86 − 6.88 p=.021
Capillary width proximal esophagus (μm)	10.9 ± 3.5 (n=6)	13.8 ± 1.6 (n=6)	3.30 95%CI −.55 − 7.14 p=.08	13.1 ± 2.5 (n=6)	3.03 95%CI .78 − 5.28 p=.018

^aHistologic findings are scored on a scale of 0–3 (0=absent, 1=mild, 2=moderate, 3=severe). Comparisons were made using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests.

^bTechnical issues (excessive motion artifact, equipment malfunction, patient inability to tolerate the large CLE endoscope) precluded obtaining CLE measurements in all patients at all time points. CLE measurements were made using ImageJ 1.48 software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland). Comparisons were made using paired samples t-tests.