Table 3.
Labor Demand for Stratified Samples
| Household Head’s Years of Education | Position in Per Capita Expenditure Distribution | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5 or Less (1) |
6 to 11 (2) |
12 or More (3) |
Bottom 50% (4) |
Top 50% (5) |
Bottom 15% (6) |
Middle 70% (7) |
Top 15% (8) |
|
|
| ||||||||
| Number of males in farm HH | ||||||||
| 0 to 14 years | 0.03 (0.04) | −0.01 (0.02) | 0.02 (0.04) | −0.01 (0.02) | 0.01 (0.03) | −0.05 (0.04) | 0.01 (0.02) | −0.03 (0.06) |
| 15 to 19 | 0.10 (0.05) | 0.07 (0.02) | 0.11 (0.04) | 0.10 (0.02) | 0.06 (0.03) | 0.09 (0.05) | 0.09 (0.02) | 0.04 (0.05) |
| 20 to 34 | 0.11 (0.05) | 0.14 (0.02) | 0.09 (0.04) | 0.16 (0.02) | 0.11 (0.03) | 0.16 (0.04) | 0.15 (0.02) | 0.07 (0.06) |
| 35 to 49 | 0.08 (0.09) | 0.16 (0.04) | 0.20 (0.06) | 0.24 (0.04) | 0.10 (0.05) | 0.34 (0.07) | 0.16 (0.03) | 0.11 (0.11) |
| 50 to 64 | 0.11 (0.10) | 0.22 (0.04) | 0.31 (0.07) | 0.29 (0.05) | 0.15 (0.05) | 0.33 (0.09) | 0.21 (0.04) | 0.14 (0.10) |
| 65 and older | 0.22 (0.12) | 0.20 (0.04) | 0.21 (0.08) | 0.27 (0.05) | 0.11 (0.05) | 0.30 (0.10) | 0.21 (0.04) | 0.03 (0.11) |
| Number of females in farm HH | ||||||||
| 0 to 14 years | −0.08 (0.05) | −0.06 (0.02) | 0.04 (0.04) | −0.04 (0.02) | −0.03 (0.03) | −0.05 (0.05) | −0.03 (0.02) | −0.05 (0.06) |
| 15 to 19 | 0.12 (0.05) | −0.02 (0.02) | −0.04 (0.04) | 0.01 (0.02) | −0.04 (0.02) | −0.09 (0.05) | 0.001 (0.02) | −0.03 (0.05) |
| 20 to 34 | 0.12 (0.06) | 0.05 (0.02) | 0.04 (0.05) | 0.07 (0.03) | 0.06 (0.03) | 0.09 (0.05) | 0.06 (0.02) | 0.05 (0.06) |
| 35 to 49 | 0.24 (0.08) | 0.13 (0.03) | 0.26 (0.06) | 0.17 (0.03) | 0.14 (0.04) | 0.18 (0.06) | 0.16 (0.03) | 0.15 (0.09) |
| 50 to 64 | 0.16 (0.09) | 0.10 (0.03) | 0.22 (0.06) | 0.14 (0.04) | 0.10 (0.04) | 0.06 (0.07) | 0.15 (0.03) | 0.09 (0.09) |
| 65 and older | 0.14 (0.10) | 0.003 (0.03) | 0.10 (0.06) | 0.09 (0.04) | −0.003 (0.04) | 0.05 (0.07) | 0.06 (0.03) | 0.06 (0.08) |
| Joint test of demographic variables | ||||||||
| All Groups | 2.50 | 9.12 | 4.52 | 10.15 | 4.17 | 4.19 | 10.55 | 0.76 |
| p-value | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.69 |
| Mean person days of […] | ||||||||
| Hired Labor | 10.59 | 16.83 | 28.29 | 11.19 | 25.02 | 7.91 | 16.94 | 33.89 |
| Family Farm Labor | 57.44 | 57.16 | 42.18 | 59.26 | 49.46 | 61.30 | 55.76 | 40.86 |
| Observations | 5,575 | 25,417 | 7,197 | 19,179 | 19,010 | 5,862 | 26,616 | 5,711 |
| N. Households | 695 | 2,820 | 937 | 2,226 | 2,226 | 780 | 2,942 | 730 |
Notes. Standard errors in parentheses below coefficient estimates. Table reports estimates of labor demand regressions for stratified samples. All estimates of variance-covariances take into account clustering at the household level and allow arbitrary heteroskedasticity. Joint tests for the significance of demographic groups are F-statistics. All models control quintiles of farm and household (real) assets, age and education of the household head and spouse, month of interview indicators, community-time fixed effects and farm household fixed effects.