Skip to main content
NCBI home page
The British Journal of Ophthalmology logoLink to The British Journal of Ophthalmology
. 1992 Dec;76(12):728–733. doi: 10.1136/bjo.76.12.728

Magnetic resonance imaging of the optic nerve in extremes of gaze. Implications for the positioning of the globe for retrobulbar anaesthesia.

C Liu 1, B Youl 1, I Moseley 1
PMCID: PMC504392  PMID: 1486074

Abstract

Orbital magnetic resonance imaging was carried out in nine directions of gaze in a normal subject. The findings are presented and discussed especially in relation to retrobulbar injections. Atkinson's position is confirmed to be hazardous and a new position for the globe at retrobulbar injections is suggested.

Full text

PDF
728

Images in this article

728Image
on p.728
729Image
on p.729
730Image
on p.730
731Image
on p.731
731Image
on p.731

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Ahn J. C., Stanley J. A. Subarachnoid injection as a complication of retrobulbar anesthesia. Am J Ophthalmol. 1987 Feb 15;103(2):225–230. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9394(14)74232-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Antoszyk A. N., Buckley E. G. Contralateral decreased visual acuity and extraocular muscle palsies following retrobulbar anesthesia. Ophthalmology. 1986 Apr;93(4):462–465. doi: 10.1016/s0161-6420(86)33715-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Bradbury P. G., Levy I. S., McDonald W. I. Transient uniocular visual loss on deviation of the eye in association with intraorbital tumours. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1987 May;50(5):615–619. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.50.5.615. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Brod R. D. Transient central retinal artery occlusion and contralateral amaurosis after retrobulbar anesthetic injection. Ophthalmic Surg. 1989 Sep;20(9):643–646. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Brown G. C., Shields J. A. Amaurosis fugax secondary to presumed cavernous hemangioma of the orbit. Ann Ophthalmol. 1981 Oct;13(10):1205–1209. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Buttery R., Wise G. Conal anaesthesia: a new approach to retrobulbar anaesthesia. Aust N Z J Ophthalmol. 1989 Feb;17(1):63–69. doi: 10.1111/j.1442-9071.1989.tb00488.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Drysdale D. B. Experimental subdural retrobulbar injection of anesthetic. Ann Ophthalmol. 1984 Aug;16(8):716–718. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Duker J. S., Belmont J. B., Benson W. E., Brooks H. L., Jr, Brown G. C., Federman J. L., Fischer D. H., Tasman W. S. Inadvertent globe perforation during retrobulbar and peribulbar anesthesia. Patient characteristics, surgical management, and visual outcome. Ophthalmology. 1991 Apr;98(4):519–526. doi: 10.1016/s0161-6420(91)32262-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Feibel R. M. Current concepts in retrobulbar anesthesia. Surv Ophthalmol. 1985 Sep-Oct;30(2):102–110. doi: 10.1016/0039-6257(85)90078-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Follette J. W., LoCascio J. A. Bilateral amaurosis following unilateral retrobulbar block. Anesthesiology. 1985 Aug;63(2):237–238. doi: 10.1097/00000542-198508000-00041. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Friedberg H. L., Kline O. R., Jr Contralateral amaurosis after retrobulbar injection. Am J Ophthalmol. 1986 Jun 15;101(6):688–690. doi: 10.1016/0002-9394(86)90770-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Hansen E. A., Mein C. E., Mazzoli R. Ocular anesthesia for cataract surgery: a direct sub-Tenon's approach. Ophthalmic Surg. 1990 Oct;21(10):696–699. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Helveston E. M., Pogrebniak A. E. Treatment of acquired nystagmus with botulinum A toxin. Am J Ophthalmol. 1988 Nov 15;106(5):584–586. doi: 10.1016/0002-9394(88)90590-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Javitt J. C., Addiego R., Friedberg H. L., Libonati M. M., Leahy J. J. Brain stem anesthesia after retrobulbar block. Ophthalmology. 1987 Jun;94(6):718–724. doi: 10.1016/s0161-6420(87)33389-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Johnson G., Miller D. H., MacManus D., Tofts P. S., Barnes D., du Boulay E. P., McDonald W. I. STIR sequences in NMR imaging of the optic nerve. Neuroradiology. 1987;29(3):238–245. doi: 10.1007/BF00451760. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Joseph J. P., McHugh J. D., Franks W. A., Chignell A. H. Perforation of the globe--a complication of peribulbar anaesthesia. Br J Ophthalmol. 1991 Aug;75(8):504–505. doi: 10.1136/bjo.75.8.504. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Knapp M. E., Flaharty P. M., Sergott R. C., Savino P. J., Mazzoli R. A., Flanagan J. C. Gaze-induced amaurosis from central retinal artery compression. Ophthalmology. 1992 Feb;99(2):238–240. doi: 10.1016/s0161-6420(92)31986-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Kobet K. A. Cerebral spinal fluid recovery of lidocaine and bupivacaine following respiratory arrest subsequent to retrobulbar block. Ophthalmic Surg. 1987 Jan;18(1):11–13. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Morgan C. M., Schatz H., Vine A. K., Cantrill H. L., Davidorf F. H., Gitter K. A., Rudich R. Ocular complications associated with retrobulbar injections. Ophthalmology. 1988 May;95(5):660–665. doi: 10.1016/s0161-6420(88)33130-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Nicoll J. M., Acharya P. A., Ahlen K., Baguneid S., Edge K. R. Central nervous system complications after 6000 retrobulbar blocks. Anesth Analg. 1987 Dec;66(12):1298–1302. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Orcutt J. C., Tucker W. M., Mills R. P., Smith C. H. Gaze-evoked amaurosis. Ophthalmology. 1987 Mar;94(3):213–218. doi: 10.1016/s0161-6420(87)33471-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Pautler S. E., Grizzard W. S., Thompson L. N., Wing G. L. Blindness from retrobulbar injection into the optic nerve. Ophthalmic Surg. 1986 Jun;17(6):334–337. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Redmond R. M., Dallas N. L. Extracapsular cataract extraction under local anaesthesia without retrobulbar injection. Br J Ophthalmol. 1990 Apr;74(4):203–204. doi: 10.1136/bjo.74.4.203. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Russell R. W. Symptomatology of optic neuritis. Bull Soc Belge Ophtalmol. 1983 Nov;208(Pt 1):127–130. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Sevel D. The origins and insertions of the extraocular muscles: development, histologic features, and clinical significance. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 1986;84:488–526. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Smiddy W. E., Michels R. G., Kumar A. J. Magnetic resonance imaging of retrobulbar changes in optic nerve position with eye movement. Am J Ophthalmol. 1989 Jan 15;107(1):82–83. doi: 10.1016/0002-9394(89)90821-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Smith R. Cataract extraction without retrobulbar anaesthetic injection. Br J Ophthalmol. 1990 Apr;74(4):205–207. doi: 10.1136/bjo.74.4.205. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Steele A. Local anaesthesia for cataract surgery. Br J Ophthalmol. 1990 Apr;74(4):195–195. doi: 10.1136/bjo.74.4.195. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Straus J. G. A new retrobulbar needle and injection technique. Ophthalmic Surg. 1988 Feb;19(2):134–139. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Unsöld R., Hoyt W. F. Blickinduzierte monokulare Obskurationen bei orbitalem Hämangiom. Computertomographische Darstellung der orbitalen Topographie in verschiedenen Blickrichtungen. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd. 1979 May;174(5):715–721. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Unsöld R., Stanley J. A., DeGroot J. The CT-topography of retrobulbar anesthesia. Anatomic-clinical correlation of complications and suggestion of a modified technique. Albrecht Von Graefes Arch Klin Exp Ophthalmol. 1981;217(2):125–136. doi: 10.1007/BF00418987. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Wright J. E. Primary optic nerve meningiomas: clinical presentation and management. Trans Sect Ophthalmol Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol. 1977 Jul-Aug;83(4 Pt 1):617–625. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Yanoff M., Redovan E. G. Anterior eyewall perforation during subconjunctival cataract block. Ophthalmic Surg. 1990 May;21(5):362–363. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from The British Journal of Ophthalmology are provided here courtesy of BMJ Publishing Group

RESOURCES