Abstract
Macrophages have long been known to play a major role in the pathogenesis of proliferative vitreoretinal disorders. Using the monoclonal antibodies EBM11 (pan macrophage), 27E10 (early inflammatory stage marker), and RM3/1 (healing phase marker), different subpopulations of macrophages were differentiated in surgically removed membranes from patients with macular pucker (n = 6), proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) following rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (n = 11), traumatic PVR (n = 19), and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) (n = 11). Macrophages were predominantly found in traumatic PVR and PDR. Some healing phase (RM3/1) macrophages were detected in all disease entities. Inflammatory stage macrophages (positive staining for 27E10) could not be detected in PVR following rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and idiopathic macular pucker. In traumatic PVR inflammatory stage macrophages were associated with a short history of disease whereas in PDR all types of macrophages could be detected regardless of clinical history and duration of the disease.
Full text
PDF


Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Burke J. M., Twining S. S. Vitreous macrophage elicitation: generation of stimulants for pigment epithelium in vitro. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1987 Jul;28(7):1100–1107. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Chandler D. B., Hida T., Sheta S., Proia A. D., Machemer R. Improvement in efficacy of corticosteroid therapy in an animal model of proliferative vitreoretinopathy by pretreatment. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 1987;225(4):259–265. doi: 10.1007/BF02150144. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Chandler D. B., Rozakis G., de Juan E., Jr, Machemer R. The effect of triamcinolone acetonide on a refined experimental model of proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Am J Ophthalmol. 1985 Jun 15;99(6):686–690. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9394(14)76037-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Chen E. P., Steinhorst U. H., Samsa G. P., Saloupis P. T., Hatchell D. L. The effect of combined daunorubicin and triamcinolone acetonide treatment on a refined experimental model of proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1992 Jun;33(7):2160–2164. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Franklin W. A., Mason D. Y., Pulford K., Falini B., Bliss E., Gatter K. C., Stein H., Clarke L. C., McGee J. O. Immunohistological analysis of human mononuclear phagocytes and dendritic cells by using monoclonal antibodies. Lab Invest. 1986 Mar;54(3):322–335. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hiscott P. S., Grierson I., McLeod D. Natural history of fibrocellular epiretinal membranes: a quantitative, autoradiographic, and immunohistochemical study. Br J Ophthalmol. 1985 Nov;69(11):810–823. doi: 10.1136/bjo.69.11.810. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Johnston R. B., Jr Current concepts: immunology. Monocytes and macrophages. N Engl J Med. 1988 Mar 24;318(12):747–752. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198803243181205. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kampik A., Kenyon K. R., Michels R. G., Green W. R., de la Cruz Z. C. Epiretinal and vitreous membranes. Comparative study of 56 cases. Arch Ophthalmol. 1981 Aug;99(8):1445–1454. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1981.03930020319025. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Leibovich S. J., Ross R. The role of the macrophage in wound repair. A study with hydrocortisone and antimacrophage serum. Am J Pathol. 1975 Jan;78(1):71–100. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lew W., Oppenheim J. J., Matsushima K. Analysis of the suppression of IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta production in human peripheral blood mononuclear adherent cells by a glucocorticoid hormone. J Immunol. 1988 Mar 15;140(6):1895–1902. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Malorny U., Neumann C., Sorg C. Influence of various detachment procedures on the functional state of cultured murine macrophages. Immunobiology. 1981;159(4-5):327–336. doi: 10.1016/S0171-2985(81)80090-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Miller B., Miller H., Patterson R., Ryan S. J. Retinal wound healing. Cellular activity at the vitreoretinal interface. Arch Ophthalmol. 1986 Feb;104(2):281–285. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1986.01050140139037. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Pollack A., Korte G. E., Heriot W. J., Henkind P. Ultrastructure of Bruch's membrane after krypton laser photocoagulation. II. Repair of Bruch's membrane and the role of macrophages. Arch Ophthalmol. 1986 Sep;104(9):1377–1382. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1986.01050210131040. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Tano Y., Chandler D., Machemer R. Treatment of intraocular proliferation with intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide. Am J Ophthalmol. 1980 Dec;90(6):810–816. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9394(14)75196-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Topoll H. H., Zwadlo G., Lange D. E., Sorg C. Phenotypic dynamics of macrophage subpopulations during human experimental gingivitis. J Periodontal Res. 1989 Mar;24(2):106–112. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.1989.tb00864.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Waage A., Bakke O. Glucocorticoids suppress the production of tumour necrosis factor by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human monocytes. Immunology. 1988 Feb;63(2):299–302. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Weller M., Esser P., Heimann K., Wiedemann P. Retinal microglia: a new cell in idiopathic proliferative vitreoretinopathy? Exp Eye Res. 1991 Aug;53(2):275–281. doi: 10.1016/0014-4835(91)90084-r. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Weller M., Heimann K., Wiedemann P. Demonstration of mononuclear phagocytes in a human epiretinal membrane using a monoclonal anti-human macrophage antibody. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 1988;226(3):252–254. doi: 10.1007/BF02181191. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Weller M., Heimann K., Wiedemann P. Immunochemical studies of epiretinal membranes using APAAP complexes: evidence for macrophage involvement in traumatic proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Int Ophthalmol. 1988 Jan;11(3):181–186. doi: 10.1007/BF00130621. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Werb Z. Biochemical actions of glucocorticoids on macrophages in culture. Specific inhibition of elastase, collagenase, and plasminogen activator secretion and effects on other metabolic functions. J Exp Med. 1978 Jun 1;147(6):1695–1712. doi: 10.1084/jem.147.6.1695. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wiedemann P., Weller M. The pathophysiology of proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Acta Ophthalmol Suppl. 1988;189:3–15. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Zwadlo-Klarwasser G., Bent S., Haubeck H. D., Sorg C., Schmutzler W. Glucocorticoid-induced appearance of the macrophage subtype RM 3/1 in peripheral blood of man. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol. 1990;91(2):175–180. doi: 10.1159/000235111. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Zwadlo G., Schlegel R., Sorg C. A monoclonal antibody to a subset of human monocytes found only in the peripheral blood and inflammatory tissues. J Immunol. 1986 Jul 15;137(2):512–518. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Zwadlo G., Voegeli R., Schulze Osthoff K., Sorg C. A monoclonal antibody to a novel differentiation antigen on human macrophages associated with the down-regulatory phase of the inflammatory process. Exp Cell Biol. 1987;55(6):295–304. doi: 10.1159/000163432. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]