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. 2015 Aug 21;64(1):90–104. doi: 10.1002/glia.22905

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© 2015 The Authors. Glia Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution‐NonCommercial‐NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Distribution of S100 (A, B) and Iba1 (C) immunoreactivity in occipital cortex from a 21st wpc fetus (CRL: 200 mm), same fetus as in Figs. 3 and 4. S100 positive astrocytes are scattered through the entire cortical wall although somewhat more abundant in the lower cortical plate/upper subplate and in the inner subventricular zone (A) which is shown in higher magnification in (B). Note that the density and distribution of the S100 positive cells in (B) is different from that of YKL‐40 stained cells in (D). Iba1 stained microglial cells are present in both ventricular and inner subventricular zones in (C) but do not co‐localize with YKL‐40 positive cells (see E). D–G show double immunostainings. The pan‐neuronal marker NeuN together with YKL‐40 (D) demonstrate no YKL‐40 immunoreactive neurons in the SVZ. The YKL‐40 positive population seems to cluster in small groups (arrows) prior to migration on a fiber scaffold (arrowheads). Note the simultaneous migration of NeuN‐positive cells (open arrowheads) and YKL‐40 positive cells on the same radial glial fiber (arrowheads). In (E), double immunolabeling for regulatory microglia in the inner SVZ with the microglia marker Iba1 and YKL‐40 (open arrow), showed no crossreactivity, indicating that the YKL‐40 positive cell population is not of microglial origin. In adjacent sections (F, G), staining for YKL‐40 and SSEA‐4 and intermediate progenitor cells with Tbr2, respectively, depicts distinct populations in the OSVZ. Virtually no co‐localization is observed, however in a very few cases, YKL‐40 and SSEA‐4 do co‐localize with Tbr2 (dashed arrows). Solid arrows indicate monolabeled YKL‐40 and SSEA‐4 positive cells with a basal process. Arrowheads indicate IPCs that are only immunoreactive to Tbr2. Note that most cells appear to migrate in the same radial direction though tangential migration is also observed. Abbreviations: ISVZ: inner subventricular zone; OSVZ: outer subventricular zone; VZ: ventricular zone. Scale bars: A: 500 µm; B, C: 100 µm; E: 10 µm; D, F, G: 50 µm. [Color figure can be viewed in the online issue, which is available at wileyonlinelibrary.com.]