Table 3.
References | Exposure PNMS | Results: crude odds ratiosa | Results: adjusted odds ratiosa , b | Exposure‐responsec | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Asthma | |||||
1a | de Marco et al. 32, d | Negative life events | N/A | 1.71 (1.02–2.89) | N/A |
2a | Hartwig et al. 22, d | Negative life events, | |||
1st–2nd trimester | 2.38 (1.33–4.26), 6 years | 1.73 (0.87–3.44), 6 years | + | ||
2.24 (1.10–4.54), 14 years | 1.26 (0.54–2.91), 14 years | + | |||
2nd–3rd trimester | 1.65 (0.88–3.08), 6 years | 0.99 (0.47–2.08), 6 years | − | ||
2.50 (1.17–5.35), 14 years | 1.81 (0.74–4.46), 14 years | − | |||
6 | Cookson et al. 19 | Anxiety, | +* | ||
2nd trimester | 1.64 (1.31–2.05) | 1.53 (1.22–1.93) | |||
3rd trimester | 1.76 (1.40–2.20) | 1.65 (1.30–2.08) | |||
7a | Guxens et al. 21, d | Depression, Anxiety | N/A | 1.45 (0.91–2.31) | + |
9 | Fang et al. 20 | Bereavement | N/A | 1.06 (0.97–1.15)e, 1–4 years | N/A |
N/A | 1.06 (0.95–1.17), 7–12 years | ||||
10 | Khashan et al. 23 | Bereavement | 1.22 (1.05–1.41) f | 1.43 (1.06–1.92) g | N/A |
15a | Larsen et al. 24, d | Job strain | 1.16 (0.99–1.35) | 1.08 (0.92–1.27) | N/A |
Wheezing | |||||
1b | de Marco et al. 32, d | Negative life events | N/A | 1.41 (1.03–1.94) | N/A |
3 | Chiu et al. 18 | Negative life events | 4.13 (1.58–10.8) 1.9 (1.7–2.2) | 3.79 (1.39–10.3) | +* |
7b | Guxens et al. 21, d | Depression, Anxiety | 2.15 (1.47–3.13) | +* | |
8 | Lefevre et al. 33 | Depression | N/A | 1.55 (0.12–19.8) | N/A |
Anxiety | N/A | 1.98 (0.69–5.68) | N/A | ||
11a | Reyes et al. 27, d | Psychological distress | 1.60 (1.24–2.06) | 1.66 (1.29–2.14) | N/A |
Atopic dermatitis | |||||
1c | de Marco et al. 32, d | Negative life events | N/A | 1.53 (1.11–2.10) | N/A |
2b | Hartwig et al. 22, d | Negative life events | |||
1st–2nd trimester | 1.43 (0.72–2.84), 6 years | 1.41 (0.61–3.29), 6 years | − | ||
1.43 (0.76–2.69), 14 years years | 1.18 (0.54–2.60), 14 years | + | |||
2nd–3rd trimester | 2.34 (1.23–4.47), 6 years | 2.38 (0.63–2.19), 6 years | + | ||
3.23 (1.79–5.83), 14 years | 4.19 (1.97–8.89), 14 years | +* | |||
12 | Sausenthaler et al., 2009 28 | Stress‐related factors | 1.13 (0.72–1.77) | 1.13 (0.71–1.79) | N/A |
13 | Wen et al. 31 | Psychological distress | 2.3 (1.1–5.2) | 2.3 (1.1–5.3) | N/A |
15b | Larsen et al. 24, d | Job strain | 1.14 (1.01–1.29) | 1.15 (1.02–1.31) | N/A |
16 | Wang et al. 30 | Job strain | N/A | 1.34 (1.16–1.54) | +* |
Allergic rhinitis | |||||
1d | de Marco et al. 32, d | Negative life events | N/A | 1.75 (1.08–2.84) | N/A |
2c | Hartwig et al.22, d | Negative life events | |||
1st–2nd trimester | 2.18 (1.24–3.82), 6 years | 1.62 (0.81–3.26), 6 years | + | ||
1.90 (1.10–3.27), 14 years | 0.96 (0.49–1.88), 14 years | + | |||
2nd–3rd trimester | 1.69 (0.92–3.11), 6 years | 1.24 (0.58–2.62), 6 years | + | ||
2.65 (1.52–4.62), 14 years | 2.38 (1.21–4.70), 14 years | +* | |||
IgE | |||||
2d | Hartwig et al. 22, d | Negative life events | |||
1st–2nd trimester | 0.83 (0.44–1.60), 6 years | 0.70 (0.41–1.21), 6 years | − | ||
0.85 (0.45–1.62), 14 years | 0.72 (0.33–1.57), 14 years | − | |||
2nd–3rd trimester | 0.80 (0.33–1.91), 6 years | 0.73 (0.29–1.84), 6 years | − | ||
1.45 (0.63–3.32), 14 years | 1.71 (0.64–4.61), 14 years | + | |||
4 | Peters et al. 26 | Negative life events | N/A | N/A | +* |
5 | Sternthal et al. 29 | Negative life events | 2.23 (0.97–5.13) | 2.19 (0.89–5.38) | N/A |
11b | Reyes et al. 27, d | Psychological distress | 1.04 (0.74–1.45) | N/A | N/A |
14 | Lin et al. 25 | Psychological distress | N/A | 4.0 (1.3–12.8) | +* |
Bold indicates significant reported results.
Table 2 describes each studies respective adjustments for covariates.
Dose–response symbols: +, positive dose response; −, no dose response; *, significant reported results.
Studies separated into several analyses.
Hazard ratio.
Odds ratio calculated by current authors of the systematic review.
Relative risk.
N/A, nothing reported.