Skip to main content
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America logoLink to Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
. 1992 Dec 15;89(24):11852–11856. doi: 10.1073/pnas.89.24.11852

Interaction of the yeast Swi4 and Swi6 cell cycle regulatory proteins in vitro.

B J Andrews 1, L A Moore 1
PMCID: PMC50655  PMID: 1465410

Abstract

In budding yeast, two transcription factors, Swi4 and Swi6, control the expression of important cell cycle regulatory proteins (the G1 cyclins, Cln1 and Cln2, and the cyclin-like Hcs26) as well as the HO gene, whose product initiates mating-type switching. Both Swi4 and Swi6 are components of a protein complex that forms at a repeated sequence element, SCB (SWI4, -6-dependent cell cycle box), found in the upstream regulatory sequences of target genes. We show, by using proteins synthesized in vitro, a direct association between Swi4 and Swi6. The cdc10-Swi6 or ankyrin motifs present in both Swi4 and Swi6 are dispensable for their association, which is mediated instead by a region near the C terminus of each protein. Furthermore, we show that interaction with Swi6 is not necessary for specific recognition of the SCB sequence by the Swi4 protein; we propose that Swi4 is responsible for binding to the SCB sequence while Swi6, through its association with Swi4, regulates activity of the complex.

Full text

PDF
11852

Images in this article

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Andrews B. J. Gene expression. Dialogue with the cell cycle. Nature. 1992 Jan 30;355(6359):393–394. doi: 10.1038/355393a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Andrews B. J., Herskowitz I. Identification of a DNA binding factor involved in cell-cycle control of the yeast HO gene. Cell. 1989 Apr 7;57(1):21–29. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(89)90168-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Andrews B. J., Herskowitz I. Regulation of cell cycle-dependent gene expression in yeast. J Biol Chem. 1990 Aug 25;265(24):14057–14060. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Andrews B. J., Herskowitz I. The yeast SWI4 protein contains a motif present in developmental regulators and is part of a complex involved in cell-cycle-dependent transcription. Nature. 1989 Dec 14;342(6251):830–833. doi: 10.1038/342830a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Bennett V. Ankyrins. Adaptors between diverse plasma membrane proteins and the cytoplasm. J Biol Chem. 1992 May 5;267(13):8703–8706. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Blank V., Kourilsky P., Israël A. NF-kappa B and related proteins: Rel/dorsal homologies meet ankyrin-like repeats. Trends Biochem Sci. 1992 Apr;17(4):135–140. doi: 10.1016/0968-0004(92)90321-y. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Breeden L., Mikesell G. E. Cell cycle-specific expression of the SWI4 transcription factor is required for the cell cycle regulation of HO transcription. Genes Dev. 1991 Jul;5(7):1183–1190. doi: 10.1101/gad.5.7.1183. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Breeden L., Nasmyth K. Cell cycle control of the yeast HO gene: cis- and trans-acting regulators. Cell. 1987 Feb 13;48(3):389–397. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(87)90190-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Breeden L., Nasmyth K. Similarity between cell-cycle genes of budding yeast and fission yeast and the Notch gene of Drosophila. Nature. 1987 Oct 15;329(6140):651–654. doi: 10.1038/329651a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Dirick L., Moll T., Auer H., Nasmyth K. A central role for SWI6 in modulating cell cycle Start-specific transcription in yeast. Nature. 1992 Jun 11;357(6378):508–513. doi: 10.1038/357508a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Gordon C. B., Campbell J. L. A cell cycle-responsive transcriptional control element and a negative control element in the gene encoding DNA polymerase alpha in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Jul 15;88(14):6058–6062. doi: 10.1073/pnas.88.14.6058. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Henkel T., Zabel U., van Zee K., Müller J. M., Fanning E., Baeuerle P. A. Intramolecular masking of the nuclear location signal and dimerization domain in the precursor for the p50 NF-kappa B subunit. Cell. 1992 Mar 20;68(6):1121–1133. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(92)90083-o. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Johnston L. H., Lowndes N. F. Cell cycle control of DNA synthesis in budding yeast. Nucleic Acids Res. 1992 May 25;20(10):2403–2410. doi: 10.1093/nar/20.10.2403. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Lowndes N. F., Johnson A. L., Breeden L., Johnston L. H. SWI6 protein is required for transcription of the periodically expressed DNA synthesis genes in budding yeast. Nature. 1992 Jun 11;357(6378):505–508. doi: 10.1038/357505a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Lowndes N. F., Johnston L. H. Parallel pathways of cell cycle-regulated gene expression. Trends Genet. 1992 Mar;8(3):79–81. doi: 10.1016/0168-9525(92)90183-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Lowndes N. F., McInerny C. J., Johnson A. L., Fantes P. A., Johnston L. H. Control of DNA synthesis genes in fission yeast by the cell-cycle gene cdc10+. Nature. 1992 Jan 30;355(6359):449–453. doi: 10.1038/355449a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. McKinney J. D., Heintz N. Transcriptional regulation in the eukaryotic cell cycle. Trends Biochem Sci. 1991 Nov;16(11):430–435. doi: 10.1016/0968-0004(91)90170-z. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Nasmyth K., Dirick L. The role of SWI4 and SWI6 in the activity of G1 cyclins in yeast. Cell. 1991 Sep 6;66(5):995–1013. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(91)90444-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Ogas J., Andrews B. J., Herskowitz I. Transcriptional activation of CLN1, CLN2, and a putative new G1 cyclin (HCS26) by SWI4, a positive regulator of G1-specific transcription. Cell. 1991 Sep 6;66(5):1015–1026. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(91)90445-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Primig M., Sockanathan S., Auer H., Nasmyth K. Anatomy of a transcription factor important for the start of the cell cycle in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Nature. 1992 Aug 13;358(6387):593–597. doi: 10.1038/358593a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Sikorski R. S., Hieter P. A system of shuttle vectors and yeast host strains designed for efficient manipulation of DNA in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics. 1989 May;122(1):19–27. doi: 10.1093/genetics/122.1.19. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Taba M. R., Muroff I., Lydall D., Tebb G., Nasmyth K. Changes in a SWI4,6-DNA-binding complex occur at the time of HO gene activation in yeast. Genes Dev. 1991 Nov;5(11):2000–2013. doi: 10.1101/gad.5.11.2000. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Thompson C. C., Brown T. A., McKnight S. L. Convergence of Ets- and notch-related structural motifs in a heteromeric DNA binding complex. Science. 1991 Aug 16;253(5021):762–768. doi: 10.1126/science.1876833. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Verma R., Smiley J., Andrews B., Campbell J. L. Regulation of the yeast DNA replication genes through the Mlu I cell cycle box is dependent on SWI6. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Oct 15;89(20):9479–9483. doi: 10.1073/pnas.89.20.9479. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America are provided here courtesy of National Academy of Sciences

RESOURCES