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. 2016 Mar 31;37(9):1170–1186. doi: 10.1002/elps.201500530

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© 2016 The Authors ELECTROPHORESIS Published by WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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(A) Instrumentation used for nano‐EME (B) urine analysis by CE‐UV, comparing (a) blank urine without nano‐EME, (b) spiked urine without nano‐EME and (c) spiked urine with nano‐EME, applying 200 V for only 15 s. Peak assignment: 1 pethidine, 2 nortriptyline, 3 methadone, 4 haloperidol, 5 loperamide. Adapted from 50.