Table 4.
Overview of EME hyphenated to direct detection
| Ref. | Tech. | Hyph. | Det. | Matrix | Compounds* | LOD | EF | ER | Vdonor | Vacceptor | ET | ST | EV |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (nM) | (%) | (mL) | (μL) | (min) | (min) | (V) | |||||||
| 17 | EME | online | MS | Rat liver microsomes | amitriptyline, promethazine, imipramine*** | 29 | n.r. | n.r. | 1 | flowing | variable | n.a. | 2.5 |
| 18 | EME | online | MS | Rat liver microsomes | Amitriptyline | 140 | n.r. | 83 | 1 | flowing | variable | n.a. | 15 |
| 9 | Three‐phase EE | online | MS | Plasma | acylcarnitines** | 90‐330 | 2 ‐ 7 | 8.0‐28 | 0.05 | 2 | 9 | n.a. | 140 |
| 19 | EME | online | MS | Rat liver microsomes | amitriptyline, promethazine, methadone*** | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | flowing | flowing | variable | n.a. | 200 |
| 55 | EME | offline | ED | Urine | Morphine | 5.3 | 152 | 76 | 4 | 20 | 24 | n.a. | 90 |
| 53 | EME | offline | FLD | Seawater | Uranium | 0.42 | 64.1‐88.1 | 51.8‐70.5 | 2.5 | 20 | 14 | n.a. | 80 |
| [75] | EME‐SPME | offline | MS | Academic | mefenamic acid, ibuprofen | 0.17‐0.24 | n.r. | n.r. | 3 | n.a. | 24 | n.a. | 80 |
| 54 | EME | offline | UV | Waste water | Thorium | 1.2 | 50 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 30 | n.a. | 90 |
1matrix is only mentioned when extraction performance is tested therein.
*in order of increasing LOD.
**propionyl‐, octanoyl‐, butyryl‐, decanoyl‐ and hexanoylcarnitine.
***and their metabolites.