Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America logoLink to Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
. 1991 Jan 1;88(1):154–158. doi: 10.1073/pnas.88.1.154

Evidence for the evolutionary origin of human chromosome 21 from comparative gene mapping in the cow and mouse.

D S Threadgill 1, J P Kraus 1, S A Krawetz 1, J E Womack 1
PMCID: PMC50768  PMID: 1986361

Abstract

To determine the extent of conservation between bovine syntenic group U10, human chromosome 21 (HSA 21), and mouse chromosome 16 (MMU 16), 11 genes were physically mapped by segregation analysis in a bovine-hamster hybrid somatic cell panel. The genes chosen for study span MMU 16 and represent virtually the entire q arm of HSA 21. Because the somatostatin gene (SST), an HSA 3/MMU 16 locus, was previously shown to be in U10, the transferrin gene (TF), an HSA 3/MMU 9 marker, was also mapped to determine whether U10 contains any HSA 3 genes not represented on MMU 16. With the exception of the protamine gene PRM1 (HSA 16/MMU 16), all of the genes studied were syntenic on bovine U10. Thus, all homologous loci from HSA 21 that have been studied in the cow are on a single chromosome. The bovine homolog of HSA 21 also carries several HSA 3 genes, two of which have homologous loci on MMU 16. The syntenic association of genes from the q arm of HSA 3 with HSA 21 genes in two mammalian species, the mouse and the cow, indicates that HSA 21 may have that contained genes now residing on HSA 3. Additionally, the syntenic association of TF with SST in the cow permits the prediction that the rhodopsin gene (RHO) is proximal to TF on HSA 3q.

Full text

PDF
154

Images in this article

155Image
on p.155
155Image
on p.155
155Image
on p.155
155Image
on p.155
155Image
on p.155
155Image
on p.155
155Image
on p.155
155Image
on p.155
155Image
on p.155
156Image
on p.156
156Image
on p.156
156Image
on p.156
156Image
on p.156

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Carritt B., Litt M. Report of the committee on the genetic constitution of chromosomes 20 and 21. Cytogenet Cell Genet. 1989;51(1-4):358–371. doi: 10.1159/000132799. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Chu M. L., Mann K., Deutzmann R., Pribula-Conway D., Hsu-Chen C. C., Bernard M. P., Timpl R. Characterization of three constituent chains of collagen type VI by peptide sequences and cDNA clones. Eur J Biochem. 1987 Oct 15;168(2):309–317. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1987.tb13422.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Dietz A. B., Womack J. E. Somatic cell mapping of the bovine somatostatin gene. J Hered. 1989 Sep-Oct;80(5):410–412. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a110887. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Dunn R., Landry C., O'Hanlon D., Dunn J., Allore R., Brown I., Marks A. Reduction in S100 protein beta subunit mRNA in C6 rat glioma cells following treatment with anti-microtubular drugs. J Biol Chem. 1987 Mar 15;262(8):3562–3566. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Feinberg A. P., Vogelstein B. A technique for radiolabeling DNA restriction endonuclease fragments to high specific activity. Anal Biochem. 1983 Jul 1;132(1):6–13. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(83)90418-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Kishimoto T. K., O'Connor K., Lee A., Roberts T. M., Springer T. A. Cloning of the beta subunit of the leukocyte adhesion proteins: homology to an extracellular matrix receptor defines a novel supergene family. Cell. 1987 Feb 27;48(4):681–690. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(87)90246-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Kosik K. S., Orecchio L. D., Bruns G. A., Benowitz L. I., MacDonald G. P., Cox D. R., Neve R. L. Human GAP-43: its deduced amino acid sequence and chromosomal localization in mouse and human. Neuron. 1988 Apr;1(2):127–132. doi: 10.1016/0896-6273(88)90196-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Kraus J. P., Williamson C. L., Firgaira F. A., Yang-Feng T. L., Münke M., Francke U., Rosenberg L. E. Cloning and screening with nanogram amounts of immunopurified mRNAs: cDNA cloning and chromosomal mapping of cystathionine beta-synthase and the beta subunit of propionyl-CoA carboxylase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Apr;83(7):2047–2051. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.7.2047. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Krawetz S. A., Connor W., Dixon G. H. Cloning of bovine P1 protamine cDNA and the evolution of vertebrate P1 protamines. DNA. 1987 Feb;6(1):47–57. doi: 10.1089/dna.1987.6.47. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Krawetz S. A., Herfort M. H., Hamerton J. L., Pon R. T., Dixon G. H. Chromosomal localization and structure of the human P1 protamine gene. Genomics. 1989 Oct;5(3):639–645. doi: 10.1016/0888-7543(89)90036-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Lalley P. A., Davison M. T., Graves J. A., O'Brien S. J., Womack J. E., Roderick T. H., Creau-Goldberg N., Hillyard A. L., Doolittle D. P., Rogers J. A. Report of the committee on comparative mapping. Cytogenet Cell Genet. 1989;51(1-4):503–532. doi: 10.1159/000132806. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Levanon D., Danciger E., Dafni N., Groner Y. Genomic clones of the human liver-type phosphofructokinase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1986 Nov 26;141(1):374–380. doi: 10.1016/s0006-291x(86)80379-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Mayr B., Krutzler H., Auer H., Schleger W., Sasshofer K., Glawischnig E. A viable calf with trisomy 22. Cytogenet Cell Genet. 1985;39(1):77–79. doi: 10.1159/000132109. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Mayr B., Schellander K., Auer H., Tesarik E., Schleger W., Sasshofer K., Glawischnig E. Offspring of a trisomic cow. Cytogenet Cell Genet. 1987;44(4):229–230. doi: 10.1159/000132376. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. McAvin J. C., Patterson D., Womack J. E. Mapping of bovine PRGS and PAIS genes in hybrid somatic cells: syntenic conservation with human chromosome 21. Biochem Genet. 1988 Feb;26(1-2):9–18. doi: 10.1007/BF00555485. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. McBride O. W., Mitchell A., Lee B. J., Mullenbach G., Hatfield D. Gene for selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase maps to human chromosomes 3, 21 and X. Biofactors. 1988 Dec;1(4):285–292. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Nadeau J. H. A chromosomal segment conserved since divergence of lineages leading to man and mouse: the gene order of aminoacylase-1, transferrin, and beta-galactosidase on mouse chromosome 9. Genet Res. 1986 Dec;48(3):175–178. doi: 10.1017/s0016672300024976. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Naylor S. L., Bishop D. T. Report of the committee on the genetic constitution of chromosome 3. Cytogenet Cell Genet. 1989;51(1-4):106–120. doi: 10.1159/000132783. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Neve R. L., Perrone-Bizzozero N. I., Finklestein S., Zwiers H., Bird E., Kurnit D. M., Benowitz L. I. The neuronal growth-associated protein GAP-43 (B-50, F1): neuronal specificity, developmental regulation and regional distribution of the human and rat mRNAs. Brain Res. 1987 Jul;388(2):177–183. doi: 10.1016/s0006-8993(87)80012-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Reeders S. T., Hildebrand C. E. Report of the committee on the genetic constitution of chromosome 16. Cytogenet Cell Genet. 1989;51(1-4):299–318. doi: 10.1159/000132796. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Reeves R. H., Gallahan D., O'Hara B. F., Callahan R., Gearhart J. D. Genetic mapping of Prm-1, Igl-1, Smst, Mtv-6, Sod-1, and Ets-2 and localization of the Down syndrome region on mouse chromosome 16. Cytogenet Cell Genet. 1987;44(2-3):76–81. doi: 10.1159/000132347. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Skow L. C., Womack J. E., Petresh J. M., Miller W. L. Synteny mapping of the genes for 21 steroid hydroxylase, alpha A crystallin, and class I bovine leukocyte antigen in cattle. DNA. 1988 Apr;7(3):143–149. doi: 10.1089/dna.1988.7.143. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Threadgill D. W., Fries R., Faber L. K., Vassart G., Gunawardana A., Stranzinger G., Womack J. E. The thyroglobulin gene is syntenic with the MYC and MOS protooncogenes and carbonic anhydrase II and maps to chromosome 14 in cattle. Cytogenet Cell Genet. 1990;53(1):32–36. doi: 10.1159/000132890. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Tsui L. C., Farrall M., Donis-Keller H. Report of the committee on the genetic constitution of chromosomes 7 and 8. Cytogenet Cell Genet. 1989;51(1-4):166–201. doi: 10.1159/000132791. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Uzan G., Frain M., Park I., Besmond C., Maessen G., Trépat J. S., Zakin M. M., Kahn A. Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of cDNA for human transferrin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1984 Feb 29;119(1):273–281. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(84)91648-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Watson D. K., McWilliams-Smith M. J., Kozak C., Reeves R., Gearhart J., Nunn M. F., Nash W., Fowle J. R., 3rd, Duesberg P., Papas T. S. Conserved chromosomal positions of dual domains of the ets protooncogene in cats, mice, and humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Mar;83(6):1792–1796. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.6.1792. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Womack J. E., Moll Y. D. Gene map of the cow: conservation of linkage with mouse and man. J Hered. 1986 Jan-Feb;77(1):2–7. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a110160. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America are provided here courtesy of National Academy of Sciences

RESOURCES