Table 3.
Determinants of season corrected change in 25(OH)D during pregnancy (T3–T1), for the whole cohort and the subgroup of women born in Africa and Asia.
| All Women 1 | Women Born in Africa And Asia 1 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adjusted R2 = 0.186 | Adjusted R2 = 0.115 | |||||
| Unstandardized Coefficients | P | Unstandardized Coefficients | P | |||
| B | Std. Error | B | Std. Error | |||
| Origin (continent of birth) | ||||||
| North Europe (ref) | ||||||
| America | −4.61 | 3.81 | 0.227 | |||
| Continental Europe | −4.75 | 2.01 | 0.018 | |||
| Africa | −10.95 | 2.92 | <0.001 | |||
| Asia | −16.99 | 2.10 | <0.001 | |||
| Sun-seeking behaviour | ||||||
| Prefer sun (ref) | ||||||
| Prefer both sun and shade | −3.18 | 1.39 | 0.022 | −2.56 | 3.29 | 0.437 |
| Prefer shade | −1.13 | 3.12 | 0.718 | −4.60 | 4.89 | 0.348 |
| Clothing when sunny | ||||||
| Often expose skin (ref) | ||||||
| Seldom expose skin | −4.69 | 1.57 | 0.003 | −5.85 | 3.39 | 0.085 |
| Never expose skin | −7.54 | 2.80 | 0.007 | −5.37 | 3.30 | 0.105 |
| Vitamin D dietary intake T3 (µg) | 0.99 | 0.31 | 0.002 | 1.07 | 0.69 | 0.119 |
| Vitamin D supplement T3 | ||||||
| No (ref) | ||||||
| Yes | 16.68 | 1.08 | <0.001 | 13.67 | 2.82 | <0.001 |
| Travel <35° N before T3 | ||||||
| No (ref) | ||||||
| Yes | 3.57 | 1.31 | 0.006 | −0.92 | 3.28 | 0.780 |
| BMI T1 (kg/m2) | −0.09 | 0.13 | 0.489 | 0.30 | 0.38 | 0.301 |
| Age T1 (years) | 0.22 | 0.12 | 0.082 | 0.27 | 0.90 | 0.271 |
| Gestational weight gain (kg) | −0.15 | 0.10 | 0.126 | 0.06 | 0.25 | 0.805 |
R2, coefficient of determination; B, beta; P, probability; 25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D; T1, first trimester; T3, third trimester; BMI, body mass index; 1 Adjusted for parity, education level T1 employment status, T1 tobacco use and 25(OH)D at T1.