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. 1998 Oct 15;102(8):1591–1598. doi: 10.1172/JCI3544

HLA-restricted, processing- and metabolism-independent pathway of drug recognition by human alpha beta T lymphocytes.

M P Zanni 1, S von Greyerz 1, B Schnyder 1, K A Brander 1, K Frutig 1, Y Hari 1, S Valitutti 1, W J Pichler 1
PMCID: PMC509010  PMID: 9788973

Abstract

T cell recognition of drugs is explained by the hapten-carrier model, implying covalent binding of chemically reactive drugs to carrier proteins. However, most drugs are nonreactive and their recognition by T cells is unclear. We generated T cell clones from allergic individuals specific to sulfamethoxazole, lidocaine (nonreactive drugs), and cef-triaxone (per se reactive beta-lactam antibiotic) and compared the increase of intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) and the kinetics of T cell receptor (TCR) downregulation of these clones by drug-specific stimulations. All drugs tested induced an MHC-restricted, dose- and antigen-presenting cell (APC)-dependent TCR downregulation on specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell clones. Chemically nonreactive drugs elicited an immediate and sustained [Ca2+]i increase and a rapid TCR downregulation, but only when these drugs were added in solution to APC and clone. In contrast, the chemically reactive hapten ceftriaxone added in solution needed > 6 h to induce TCR downregulation. When APC were preincubated with ceftriaxone, a rapid downregulation of the TCR and cytokine secretion was observed, suggesting a stable presentation of a covalently modified peptide. Our data demonstrate two distinct pathways of drug presentation to activated specific T cells. The per se reactive ceftriaxone is presented after covalent binding to carrier peptides. Nonreactive drugs can be recognized by specific alphabeta+ T cells via a nonconventional presentation pathway based on a labile binding of the drug to MHC-peptide complexes.

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Selected References

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