Abstract
The emergence of multiple-carbapenemase-producing Acinetobacter strains has been a serious concern during the past decade. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of an Acinetobacter baumannii strain isolated from a Japanese patient with three acquired carbapenemase genes: blaNDM-1, blaTMB-1, and blaOXA-58.
GENOME ANNOUNCEMENT
Some members of the genus Acinetobacter effectively acquire antimicrobial resistance through a variety of different mechanisms. One of the most problematic methods of antimicrobial resistance is the acquisition of carbapenemase genes. Carbapenemase gene products can hydrolyze a broad range of β-lactams, including carbapenems. There are several different types of carbapenemases, such as metallo-β-lactamase (including NDM types, IMP types, and VIM types) and some oxacillinase-type enzymes (including OXA-23, OXA-24, and OXA-58) in Acinetobacter species isolates (1), and the list of carbapenemases continues to expand. One example of a newly found carbapenemase is Tripoli metallo-β-lactamase 1 (TMB-1) (2, 3). The TMB-1 gene was first identified in an Achromobacter xylosoxidans strain isolated in Tripoli, Libya, in 2012. In addition to TMB-1, the derivative, TMB-2, was also found in non-baumannii Acinetobacter spp. isolated in Japan (4, 5). Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter strains possessing a single acquired carbapenemase gene have become widespread throughout the world. During the past decade, multiple carbapenemase producers have emerged (6). Multiple carbapenemase-containing strains raise a serious concern because they tend to show higher β-lactam resistance, leaving fewer treatment options.
Here, we announce the draft genome sequence of an A. baumannii strain, OCU_Ac16a. OCU_Ac16a was recently isolated by intratracheal aspiration of a 74-year-old male patient with esophageal cancer at Osaka City University Hospital. Based on our records, the patient did not travel internationally in the several months before admission. The strain was found to be resistant to carbapenems, according to the 2016 CLSI breakpoints (7). Whole-genome sequencing with a 400- to 800-bp insert size was performed using the MiSeq system (Illumina). Paired-end reads (2 × 300 bp) were assembled de novo using the CLC Genomics Workbench version 8.5.1 (Qiagen).
The draft genome sequence of this isolate consists of 192 contigs, a total size of 4,071,967 bp, and an N50 value of 87,985 bp. The mean G+C content was 38.7%. A total of 4,025 coding genes were annotated using the RAST toolkit on the PATRIC server (https://www.patricbrc.org/). Antimicrobial resistance genes were detected using ResFinder version 2.1 (http://cge.cbs.dtu.dk/services/ResFinder/). Surprisingly, OCU_Ac16a carried five different β-lactam resistance genes, including two metallo-β-lactamases (NDM-1 and TMB-1), two oxacillinases (OXA-58 and OXA-208), and an AmpC β-lactamase (ADC-25 variant) gene. Of note, OXA-208, a variant of OXA-51, and three of the acquired β-lactamases, NDM-1, TMB-1, and OXA-58, are enzymes with carbapenem-hydrolyzing activity (1–5).
The emergence of Acinetobacter strains carrying two acquired carbapenemase genes has been limited to a limited number of countries, such as Greece (6). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of an Acinetobacter strain carrying three acquired carbapenemase genes. Detailed data, including the transmissibility of the carbapenemase genes, will be reported in a future publication.
Accession number(s).
This whole-genome shotgun sequencing project has been deposited in DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank under the accession numbers BDHK01000001 to BDHK01000192. The version described in this report is the first version.
Footnotes
Citation Oinuma K-I, Suzuki M, Sato K, Nakaie K, Niki M, Takizawa E, Niki M, Shibayama K, Yamada K, Kakeya H, Kaneko Y. 2016. Genome sequence of an Acinetobacter baumannii strain carrying three acquired carbapenemase genes. Genome Announc 4(6):e01290-16. doi:10.1128/genomeA.01290-16.
REFERENCES
- 1.Potron A, Poirel L, Nordmann P. 2015. Emerging broad-spectrum resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii: mechanisms and epidemiology. Int J Antimicrob Agents 45:568–585. doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2015.03.001. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 2.El Salabi A, Borra PS, Toleman MA, Samuelsen Ø, Walsh TR. 2012. Genetic and biochemical characterization of a novel metallo-β-lactamase, TMB-1, from an Achromobacter xylosoxidans strain isolated in Tripoli, Libya. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 56:2241–2245. doi: 10.1128/AAC.05640-11. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 3.Kayama S, Shigemoto N, Shimizu W, Kuwahara R, Ikeda M, Ikebe K, Maeda K, Hisatsune J, Ohge H, Sugai M. 2014. Tripoli metallo-β-lactamase-1 (TMB-1)-producing Acinetobacter spp. with decreased resistance to imipenem in Japan. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 58:2477–2478. doi: 10.1128/AAC.01790-13. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 4.Suzuki S, Matsui M, Suzuki M, Sugita A, Kosuge Y, Kodama N, Ichise Y, Shibayama K. 2013. Detection of Tripoli metallo-β-lactamase 2 (TMB-2), a variant of blaTMB-1, in clinical isolates of Acinetobacter spp. in Japan. J Antimicrob Chemother 68:1441–1442. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 5.Kitanaka H, Sasano M, Yokoyama S, Suzuki M, Jin W, Inayoshi M, Hori M, Wachino J, Kimura K, Yamada K, Arakawa Y. 2014. Invasive infection caused by carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter soli, Japan. Emerg Infect Dis 20:1574–1576. doi: 10.3201/eid2009.140117. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 6.Meletis G, Chatzidimitriou D, Malisiovas N. 2015. Double- and multi-carbapenemase-producers: the excessively armored bacilli of the current decade. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 34:1487–1493. doi: 10.1007/s10096-015-2379-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 7.CLSI. 2016. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing; 26th informational supplement. M100-S26. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA: http://clsi.org/m100/. [Google Scholar]