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Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : eCAM logoLink to Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : eCAM
. 2016 Nov 10;2016:3401263. doi: 10.1155/2016/3401263

Corrigendum to “Use of Ethnomedicinal Plants by the People Living around Indus River”

Sakina Mussarat 1, Naser M AbdEl-Salam 2, Akash Tariq 1, Sultan Mehmood Wazir 3, Riaz Ullah 4, Muhammad Adnan 1,*
PMCID: PMC5121452  PMID: 27994630

In the article titled “Use of Ethnomedicinal Plants by the People Living around Indus River,” [1] Table 2 contained ethnomedicine recipes from previously published articles by Sarfraz Khan Marwat, which were cited in the article as references [4] S. K. Marwat, M. A. Khan, M. Ahmad, M. Zafar, and F. Rehman, “Ethnophytomedicines for treatment of various diseases in D. I. Khan District,” Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, vol. 24, no. 2, 2008 and [28] S. K. Marwat, F. Fazal-Ur-Rehman, M. A. Khan, M. Ahmad, M. Zafar, and S. Ghulam, “Medicinal folk recipes used as traditional phytotherapies in district Dera Ismail Khan, KPK, Pakistan,” Pakistan Journal of Botany, vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 1453–1462, 2011. The authors apologize for not properly quoting the recipes or citing the sources in the table. Table 2 should be corrected as follows.

Table 2.

Ethnomedicines of the study area.

Botanical name/Voucher
Specimen number
Local name Family Habit/endemism Status Part used Recipes Dosage
Acacia modesta Wall.
KUH-309
Kikar Mimosaceae Tree/nonendemic Cultivated Bark The barks are water boiled and juice is extracted, which is used then orally in kidney pains Mostly 2 or 3 times a day

Acacia nilotica (L.) Delile.
KUH-310
Kikar Mimosaceae Tree/nonendemic Wild Bark and flowers The barks are water boiled and the decoction is applied dentally. Moreover, the flowers are boiled in mustard oil and apply externally on the head [4] For dental purposes its used twice a day for 10 days, while for others its used as needed

Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth.
KUH-311
Sirsirin Mimosaceae Tree/nonendemic Cultivated Seeds The seeds are grinded to fine powder and collected after passing it through from a cloth having very small pores. The collected powder is then mixed with sugar in equal quantity. This mixture is an effective phytotherapy taken orally for asthma [28] 4 grams of the mixture is taken two times a day for up to 40 days duration [28]

Allium cepa L.
KUH-312
Piaz Liliaceae Herb/nonendemic Cultivated Bulb Grind the bulb of onion and mix it with water and taken orally for vomiting One dose is enough for vomiting

Allium sativum Linn.
KUH-313
Garlic Liliaceae Herb/nonendemic Cultivated Bulb and leaves Bulb pieces are regularly used for high blood pressure. Bulb and leaves and bulb are chewed for vomiting As needed

Aloe barbadensis Mill.
KUH-314
Kunwar Liliaceae Herb/nonendemic Wild/cultivated Pulp of leaves Spineless leaves are cut to two to three parts and are given orally to livestock in combination with salts. Moreover, the pulp can be directly applied on burned skin [28] Usually 3 dos e are given each after 48 hours and also depend on disease severity

Avena sativa L.
KUH-315
Jou Poaceae Herb/nonendemic Cultivated Fruit Partly ripen fruit are grinded and mixed with some sugar and cold water to make syrup and taken orally as laxative As needed

Azadirachta indica (L.) A. Juss.
KUH-316
Neem Meliaceae Tree/nonendemic Wild/cultivated Leaves 3 gm of leaves are grinded and poured in water along with common salt to make syrup and used orally for curing jaundice [4] 2 spoons of syrup each are taken two times immediately after the breakfast and before the dinner [28]

Beta vulgaris Linn.
KUH-317
Chukandar Chenopodiaceae Herb/nonendemic Cultivated Root Powder is used orally to treat diabetes As needed

Calotropis procera. Ait. f., Hort.
KUH-318
Akra Asclepiadaceae Shrub/nonendemic Wild Latex and flowers Plant latex is applied topically on the region of snake bite. Flowers are taken with water for intestinal pain at one time 2-3 times daily for 5 days for intestinal pain

Capparis desidua (Forsk.) Edgew.
KUH-319
Kareeta Capparidaceae Shrub/nonendemic Wild Fruit, young shoots and bark Dry fruits and sugar in equal amounts are crushed to powder, which are then used orally for rheumatism. Young shoot are grinded and combined with flour, and given to livestock or other animals. Grinded bark is applied externally on wounded areas for healing purpose [4] In case of rheumatism, a teaspoon of the powder along with water is taken two times a day for one week duration [4]

Capsicum annum L.
KUH-320
Green mirch Solanaceae Herb/nonendemic Cultivated Fruit Fresh and unripe fruit is eaten against cancer As needed

Caralluma tubreculata N Brown.
KUH-321
Chunga Apocynaceae Herb/nonendemic Wild Whole plant Cook it as simple vegetable for diabetics control and also eaten directly for many purposes As needed

Chenopodium album L.
KUH-322
Bathu Chenopodiaceae Herb/nonendemic Wild Leaves and root Extract the juice from their leaves which take orally as a laxative. Dried leaves paste is used for urinary pain As needed

Cicer arietinum Linn.
KUH-323
Channa Papilionaceae Herb/nonendemic Cultivated Fruits and seeds 25 g of roasted seed coat is soaked in 250 g of water and left for overnight. In the morning, grind the seeds and filter it. The filtrate water is then orally taken for constipation [28] As needed

Cichorium intybus L.
KUH-324
Kasni Asteraceae Herb/nonendemic Wild Whole plant Fresh plants are boiled. After which sugar is poured into the decoction and taken orally for stomach related problems [4] The syrup is used 2 times a day for the duration as per need [4]

Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.
KUH-325
Leh Asteraceae Herb/nonendemic Wild Leaves Extract of leaves used for abdominal pain of cattle As needed

Citrullus colocynthis (L.).
KUH-326
Karthuma Cucurbitaceae Herb/nonendemic Wild Fruit Crushed the dried fruit and used orally for constipation As needed

Citrus medica Linn.
KUH-327
Nimbo Rutaceae Tree/nonendemic Cultivated Fruits and leaves Fruit extract properly mixed to water, sugar and salt and orally taken to control blood pressure and vomiting. Fruit extract is mixed with honey and fresh milk to make its paste and applied on face for pimples For skin the paste is used at night for one month, for other purposes it's used as needed

Cleome brachycarpa Vahl.
KUH-328
Gandi booti Capparidaceae Herb/nonendemic Wild Whole plant Dried plants are crushed to powder and then taken orally for abdominal pain [28] As needed

Convolvulus arvensis L.
KUH-329
Wanvehri Convolvulaceae Herb/nonendemic Wild Whole plant Five kilograms of dried plants are combined with 12 litters of water and left for overnight for making a sap, which is then taken orally for skin related diseases [4] 1 cup of the sap taken before breakfast. Also one can use it three times a day till needed [4]

Cordia dichotoma Forster. f.
KUH-330
Lasora Boraginaceae Tree/nonendemic Wild Fruit Before lunch or dinner, eat fruit as per need. Good for sex related weakness [28] As needed

Coriandrum sativum L.
KUH-331
Dhania Apiaceae Herb/nonendemic Cultivated Leaves and fruits Used as decoction, that is, dried fruits of 50 g are water boiled (1 litter) till the water evaporates to half left. This is then used for asthma and cough. Fresh leaves are grind with mint to make powder and used orally for diuretic purposes [28] Depend upon disease severity

Cucumis sativus Linn.
KUH-332
Kheera Cucurbitaceae Herb/nonendemic Cultivated Fruits During severe fever their pieces is rubbed on the sole of the feet and also good for digestion As required

Cuscuta reflexa Roxb.
KUH-333
Loot booti Convolvulaceae Herb/nonendemic Wild Whole plant Dried plants are burnt and used on the affected areas [4] As needed

Cymbopogon jawarancus a (Jones) Schult.
KUH-334
Khawi Poaceae Herb/nonendemic Wild Root Roots upper parts being water boiled and filtered. The filtrate water along with sugar is orally given to children for curing dyspepsia and typhoid [4] 2-3 times daily

Daucus carota L.
KUH-335
Gajar Apiaceae Herb/nonendemic Cultivated Root Edible portion increase sight vision As needed

Dalbergia sissoo Roxb.
KUH-336
Tali Fabaceae Tree/nonendemic Cultivated Leaves Young leaves of 70 g are grinded and mixed with water. The filtrate can be used against jaundice, piles and feet soles burning [28] The filtrate is taken daily for 10 days [28]

Datura metel L.
KUH-337
Datura Solanaceae Herb/nonendemic Wild Whole plant Roost their leaves and inhale their smoke for the treatment of asthma. Their seeds are used as expectorant, do not eat it in excess amount otherwise it will be lethal As needed

Eruca sativa Mill.
KUH-338
Usoo Brassicaceae Herb/nonendemic Cultivated Aerial parts A total of five kilogram of young branches and leaves are water boiled (15 kg) till getting a concoction. Afterwards, five kilogram flour is combined to the concoction before giving it to horses [4] As needed

Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh.
KUH-339
Safeda Myrtaceae Tree/nonendemic Cultivated Leaf and bark Tender shoot and young leaves are crushed and smelled give temporary relief in cough As needed

Eugenia jambolana Linn.
KUH-340
Jaman Myrtaceae Tree/nonendemic Cultivated Bark and fruit Dry the non edible portion of their fruit and then grind it and take 1-2 spoon daily for 3 days it will stop the severe stomach problems, and also this powder is used for the treatment of diabetics Twice a day

Fagonia cretica L.
KUH-341
Dhaman Zygophyllaceae Shrub/nonendemic Wild Whole plant The plant is grinded to powder and can be taken along with water. Helpful in curing piles and urinary infection [4] 1 tea spoon powder is taken 3 times a day along with the bread [4]

Ficus benghalensis L.
KUH-342
Bohir, bargad Moraceae Tree/nonendemic Cultivated Fruit The dried fruits are crushed into powder and then orally taken for abdominal pains [28] Taken with water twice in a day

Ficus carica L.
KUH-343
Anjeer Moraceae Tree/nonendemic Cultivated Fruit The fruits are soaked in milk or water and leave for overnight. Effective in curing piles. Fruits are also used to remove kidney s tone [28] The decoction can be taken at morning before the breakfast for 10 days [28]

Ficus religiosa L.
KUH-344
Peepal Moraceae Tree/nonendemic Cultivated Fruit and bark Burn the bark and make powder from this coal bark take orally 5 gram of it with water for diarrhoea. Fruit are used for wound healing As needed

Foeniculum vulgare Mill.
KUH-345
Saunf Apiaceae Herb/nonendemic Cultivated Fruit Fruits of fennel and coriander along with sugar are combined in equal amount and crushed to powder. This is recommended as carminative. Fennel fruit, fresh mint leaves and green tea are boiled used for vomiting [28] The powder is taken two times a day after lunch or dinner as carminative. For vomiting and menses pain the mixture is used twice a day [28]

Grewia asiatica L.
KUH-346
Phalsa Tiliaceae Herb/nonendemic Wild Leaves, fruit and bark One kilogram of fruits is grinded and mix with water and then take the filtrate. Sugar is poured then into the filtrate for making a sap, which is orally taken for blood purifying, fever and gastrointestinal disorders [28] As needed

Helianthus annuus L.
KUH-347
Suraj mukhii Asteraceae Shrub/nonendemic Cultivated Seeds, leaves and flowers Leaves and seeds are grinded to powder and orally or dermally taken for fever treatment For 2 days

Heliotropium europaeum L.
KUH-348
Peepat booti Boraginaceae Herb/nonendemic Wild Whole plant The plant is grinded to a paste, which is then dermal applied on to the areas affected [28] Can be used for 3 days

Jasminum grandiflorum L.
KUH-349
Chambeli Oleaceae Herb/nonendemic Cultivated Whole plant Whole plant juice is orally taken against diabetes and heart related diseases As needed

Lawsonia inermis L.
KUH-350
Mehndi Lythraceae Tree/nonendemic Cultivated Leaves Leaves are grinded to paste, which is then applied on foot soles and hairs As needed

Momordica charantia Linn.
KUH-351
Karela Cucurbitaceae Herb/nonendemic Cultivated Leaf, flower and fruits Leaves are crushed and boil and taken as tea, some salt is also mixed and used for s kin diseases and blood purifier. Fruit is used as vegetable and used for diabetics As needed

Mentha viridis L.
KUH-352
Podina Lamiaceae Herb/nonendemic Cultivated Leaves Fresh leaves of mint, niazboo, Fennel fruit and green tea are boiled and used orally for multi-purposes vomiting and stomach disorders As needed

Moringa oleifera Lam.
KUH-353
Sohanjna Moringaceae Tree/nonendemic Cultivated Whole plant Cut their root and boil in water after these add milk into this water and drink which break the kidney stone As needed

Morus alba L.
KUH-354
Toot Moraceae Tree/nonendemic Cultivated Fruit Eat their fruits, which provide the energy to the heart As needed

Nannorrhops ritchieana Griff.
KUH-355
Mazri Palmae Shrub/nonendemic Wild/cultivated Leaves Mostly their leaves are used to boil and then this juice is used orally for carminative and veterinary treatment

Ocimum basilicum L.
KUH-356
Niazbo Lamiaceae Herb/nonendemic Cultivated Seeds and leaves Fresh leaves of mint, niazboo, Fennel fruit, and green tea are boiled and used for gastrointestinal and respiratory infections As needed

Oxalis corniculata L.
KUH-357
Khatti boti Oxalidaceae Herb/nonendemic Wild Whole plant Extract of whole plant is used orally for blood purification As needed

Peganum harmala L.
KUH-358
Harmal Zygophyllaceae Herb/nonendemic Wild Leaves and seeds Little quantity of seeds with table salt is taken along water for expectorant. May be taken up to few days [4] Dose depends on disease severity

Phoenix dactylifera L.
KUH-359
Khajoor Palmae Tree/nonendemic Cultivated Leaflets (spines) Leaflets are grinded to powder and water boiled. The filtrate is orally taken in case of pain [4] As needed

Plantago ovata Forsk.
KUH-360
Ispaghula Plantaginaceae Shrub/nonendemic Wild Seeds At night, seeds (approx 12 g) are orally taken along with milk for constipation. Seeds (approx 12 g) along with sugar and a glass water are thoroughly mixed and is effective for jaundice [4] Twice a day

Polygonum barbatum L.
KUH-361
Karaveera Polygonaceae Herb/nonendemic Wild Whole plant The plants are grinded to form a paste, which is then applied on the area affected [28] Three days

Portulaca oleracea L.
KUH-362
Lunrak Portulacaceae Herb/nonendemic Wild Seeds Seeds of this plant along with Argyreia speciosa and Coriander are taken in equal amount. Further a table spoon sugar is also mixed with it and is crushed to powder, which is effect for night emission [28] 10 gram of this powder is taken along water two times a day [28]

Punica granatum L.
KUH-363
Anar Punicaceae Tree/nonendemic Cultivated Fruit Crushed dried fruits are mixed with water and orally given to children Two times a days

Raphanus sativus L.
KUH-364
Mooli Brassicaceae Herb/nonendemic Cultivated Roots and edible parts Paste of root is formed and used for skin infections Two times a day

Ricinus communis L.
KUH-365
Hernoli Euphorbiaceae Shrub/nonendemic Wild Leaves and fruit Heat the leaves and fruits and then they release the oil, which is leaped on the desired place or organs where pain is feeling As needed

Rosa indica Lindl, Ros. Monogr.
KUH-366
Gulab Rosaceae Shrub/nonendemic Cultivated Flower Fresh petals are mixed with sugar to make gulqand and kept in bottle and used for stomach disorders As needed

Saccharum bengalense Retz.
KUH-367
Kana Poaceae Herb/nonendemic Wild Leaves Leaves ash is combined with water and left for one hour so as the ash become settle into bottom. The water filtrate is orally given to livestock and animals suffering from the disease of urine retention [28] As needed

Salvadora oleoides Decne.
KUH-368
Jal Salvadoraceae Tree/nonendemic Wild Fruit The fruits of this plant are taken before the breakfast. It has been observed that before or after eating of Salvadora, eat water melon as it is useful [4] For one week

Salvadora persica L.
KUH-369
Peelu Salvadoraceae Shrub/nonendemic Wild Bark Bark is boiled in water taken as tea commonly used as a purifying agent As needed

Solanum surattense Burm. f.
KUH-370
Kandari Solanaceae Herb/nonendemic Wild Whole plant Dried fruits' powder is consumed with water for in treating piles. Moreover, fresh plants are water boiled (3 times more than fresh plant weight). Water filtrate combined with sugar is forming a sap, which is used as blood purifier and for Eczema [4] Sap is used two times a day for an extended period of two months [28]

Solanum nigrum L.
KUH-371
Makko Solanaceae Herb/nonendemic Wild Leaves and fruits Ripe fruit is orally given particularly if one has constipation. Moreover, past from this plant is used dermally in case of headaches and rheumatism. Juice from this plant is effective in dysentery and fever As needed

Tamarix aphylla (L.) Karst.
KUH-372
Khagal Tamaricaceae Shrub/nonendemic Cultivated Bark, leaves and twigs Leaves ashes are water mixed. Soon after some times, a filtrate is taken then and boiled, which after complete evaporation gives salt left. One gram of this salt is consumed along with Shurbat-e-Bazoori. Effective against jaundice. Secondly, leaves are water boiled and the water is thrown away while the hot leaves are applied to the wounded area [28] Two times a day for a period needed towards recovery of jaundice. For wound healing it used for one week [28]

Thuja occidentalis L.
KUH-373
Thuja Cupressaceae Tree/nonendemic Cultivated Leaves Boil their leaves in the water and then wash the mouth with this water it provide rapid relief in dental pain. Fresh leaves are burned and their smoke decrease temperature in fever As needed

Tribulus terrestris L.
KUH-374
Bhakra, Gokhru Zygophyllaceae Herb/nonendemic Wild Fruit The fruits are grounded to powder and then mix sugar as per the need. It is used orally for urinary infection [4] Four times in a day for 3 months

Viola stocksii Boiss.
KUH-375
Makhanr booti Violaceae Herb/nonendemic Wild Whole plant Whole of this plant along its seeds are crushed to powder and use for sex related issues [4] 2 g of its powder and butter (one tea spoon) is taken before breakfast till needed [4]

Withania coagulans (Stocks) Dunal.
KUH-376
Akri Solanaceae Herb/nonendemic Wild Fruit Fruits are soaked in water and left for overnight. The soaked fruits are squeezed in the morning and the water is filtered, which is used for blood purification. One dried fruit is kept in teeth having pain. 5-6 fruit are taken with water like tablet for abdominal pain [4] A cup of water is taken before breakfast for a duration as per need [4]

Zea mays Linn.
KUH-377
Makkai Poaceae Herb/nonendemic Cultivated Fruit Dry fruit is crushed and make flour, which is used for digestion As needed

Ziziphus jujuba Mill.
KUH-378
Ber Rhamnaceae Tree/nonendemic Wild/cultivated Leaves and fruits Eat their fruit which is helpful in treatment of diarrhoea as well as for blood purification. Paste of leaves is used for hair growth As needed

References

  • 1.Mussarat S., AbdEl-Salam N. M., Tariq A., Mehmood Wazir S., Ullah R., Adnan M. Use of ethnomedicinal plants by the people living around Indus river. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2014;2014:14. doi: 10.1155/2014/212634.212634 [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

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