Table 3.
Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
B | SE | B | SE | B | SE | B | SE | |||||
Race/ethnicity (vs. Non-Hispanic white) | ||||||||||||
Non-Hispanic Black | −0.026 | 0.027 | −0.051 | 0.027 | † | −0.052 | 0.027 | † | −0.052 | 0.027 | † | |
Hispanic, any race | −0.014 | 0.022 | −0.011 | 0.023 | −0.008 | 0.023 | −0.008 | 0.022 | ||||
Other race | −0.034 | 0.028 | −0.039 | 0.028 | −0.038 | 0.027 | −0.038 | 0.027 | ||||
Male | 0.189 | 0.017 | *** | 0.190 | 0.017 | *** | 0.191 | 0.017 | *** | 0.191 | 0.017 | *** |
Child age in months | −0.007 | 0.002 | *** | −0.007 | 0.002 | *** | −0.007 | 0.002 | *** | −0.007 | 0.002 | *** |
Mother cohabiting at birth (vs. married) | 0.031 | 0.024 | 0.009 | 0.024 | −0.002 | 0.024 | −0.002 | 0.024 | ||||
Mother single at birth (vs. married) | 0.025 | 0.031 | −0.030 | 0.034 | −0.041 | 0.033 | −0.042 | 0.033 | ||||
Child temperament at 9 months | 0.028 | 0.004 | *** | 0.029 | 0.004 | *** | 0.029 | 0.004 | *** | 0.029 | 0.004 | *** |
Mother's age at child's birth | −0.005 | 0.002 | ** | −0.004 | 0.002 | * | −0.004 | 0.002 | * | −0.003 | 0.002 | * |
Mother's education | ||||||||||||
Less than high school | 0.021 | 0.028 | 0.028 | 0.028 | 0.024 | 0.027 | 0.024 | 0.027 | ||||
Some post secondary education | −0.005 | 0.023 | −0.002 | 0.023 | 0.001 | 0.023 | 0.002 | 0.023 | ||||
College graduate or more | −0.037 | 0.027 | −0.034 | 0.026 | −0.029 | 0.026 | −0.029 | 0.027 | ||||
Sibship composition | ||||||||||||
Child is second-born | 0.064 | 0.022 | ** | 0.099 | 0.020 | *** | 0.061 | 0.022 | ** | 0.062 | 0.022 | ** |
Child is third-born or higher | −0.011 | 0.031 | 0.066 | 0.023 | ** | −0.023 | 0.031 | −0.021 | 0.031 | |||
Child has 1 full sibling | −0.001 | 0.024 | 0.023 | 0.025 | 0.022 | 0.025 | ||||||
Child has 2+ full siblings | 0.062 | 0.030 | * | 0.093 | 0.031 | ** | 0.091 | 0.031 | ** | |||
Any step- or half-siblings | 0.130 | 0.027 | *** | 0.126 | 0.027 | *** | ||||||
Mother's union status | ||||||||||||
Mother is unpartnered | 0.137 | 0.026 | *** | 0.141 | 0.026 | *** | ||||||
Stepfather/social father | 0.134 | 0.041 | ** | 0.108 | 0.042 | * | ||||||
Complex sibship and union status | ||||||||||||
Stepfather/no sibs | 0.084 | 0.055 | ||||||||||
No father/no sibs | 0.146 | 0.029 | *** | |||||||||
Bio father/step-half sibs | 0.126 | 0.034 | *** | |||||||||
Stepfather/step-half sibs | 0.258 | 0.058 | *** | |||||||||
No father/step-half sibs | 0.253 | 0.044 | *** | |||||||||
Intercept | 2.520 | 0.142 | *** | 2.492 | 0.140 | *** | 2.463 | 0.142 | *** | 2.461 | 0.141 | *** |
/lnalpha | −2.120 | 0.056 | −2.127 | 0.056 | −2.142 | 0.057 | −2.14 | 0.057 | ||||
N~6550 | ||||||||||||
Significant post-hoc tests in model 4 |
Stepfather with no half/step sibs vs. stepfather with half/step sibs (p<.05)
Stepfather with no half/step sibs vs. unpartnered mother with half/step sibs (p<.05)
Unpartnered mother with no half/step sibs vs. stepfather with half/step sibs (p<.10)
Unpartnered mother with no half/step sibs vs. unpartnered mother with half/step sibs (p<.05)
Biological/adoptive father with half/step sibs vs. stepfather with half/step sibs (p<.05)
Biological/adoptive father with half/step sibs vs. unpartnered mother with half/step sibs (p<.01)