Table 1.
General characteristics of the pregnant and breastfeeding women categorized by study area.
| Variables | Total | Jakarta | Surabaya | Yogyakarta |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | ||||
| Pregnant women | 28.5 (4.3) | 29.2 (4.4) | 28.5 (4.1) | 27.8 (4.3) |
| Breastfeeding women | 28.6 (4.0) | 28.9 (4.2) | 28.5 (3.9) | 28.5 (3.8) |
| Education Level | ||||
| None | 4 (1) | 0 (0) | 1 (1) | 3 (2) |
| Elementary school | 41 (7) | 20 (10) | 14 (7) | 7 (4) |
| Junior high school | 109 (18) | 38 (19) | 33 (17) | 38 (19) |
| Senior high school | 335 (56) | 117 (59) | 103 (52) | 115 (58) |
| Higher education | 106 (18) | 23 (12) | 47 (24) | 36 (18) |
| Working Status | ||||
| Any job | 3 (1) | 1 (1) | 2 (1) | 0 (0) |
| Housewife | 428 (72) | 159 (80) | 133 (67) | 136 (68) |
| College student | 2 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (1) |
| Labor | 4 (1) | 2 (1) | 1 (1) | 1 (1) |
| Service | 5 (1) | 2 (1) | 1 (1) | 2 (1) |
| Para/medical profession | 20 (2) | 0 (0) | 10 (5) | 0 (0) |
| Education | 5 (1) | 1 (1) | 2 (1) | 2 (1) |
| Finance/Business | 29 (5) | 6 (3) | 7 (4) | 16 (8) |
| Government employment | 10 (2) | 3 (2) | 3 (2) | 4 (2) |
| Private sector employment | 98 (16) | 24 (12) | 39 (20) | 35 (18) |
| Other | 1 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (1) |
| BMI Categories | ||||
| Pregnant women 1 | ||||
| Underweight | 13 (4) | 2 (2) | 2 (2) | 9 (9) |
| Normal weight | 134 (45) | 37 (37) | 47 (47) | 50 (50) |
| Overweight | 110 (37) | 37 (37) | 41 (41) | 32 (32) |
| Obese | 42 (14) | 23 (23) | 10 (10) | 9 (9) |
| Breastfeeding women | ||||
| Underweight | 25 (8) | 8 (8) | 6 (6) | 11 (11) |
| Normal weight | 160 (54) | 53 (54) | 53 (54) | 54 (55) |
| Overweight | 76 (26) | 29 (29) | 25 (26) | 22 (22) |
| Obese | 35 (12) | 9 (9) | 14 (14) | 12 (12) |
Continuous data are presented as mean (SD) and dichotomous as n (%). 1 Body Mass Index (BMI) of pregnant women was calculated with pre-pregnancy weight.