Abstract
Some patients with age-related changes at the level of Bruch's membrane and good visual acuity report poor vision in dim light, fading vision in bright light, and a central scotoma noticeable in the dark. Ophthalmic examination, scotopic thresholds, and dark adaptation kinetics were recorded in 12 eyes of 12 patients with such symptoms. All had macular drusen which were hypofluorescent on fluorescein angiography in nine subjects, and six had evidence of prolonged choroidal filling on fluorescein angiography. Scotopic thresholds were depressed in six patients who all experienced a central scotoma in the dark or poor night vision. The kinetics of dark adaptation were abnormal in all 10 patients in whom reliable measurements were possible. The findings suggest that visual symptoms reflect abnormality of both scotopic sensitivity and the time course of dark adaptation in patients with age-related Bruch's membrane change.
Full text
PDFImages in this article
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- ARDEN G. B., WEALE R. A. Nervous mechanisms and dark-adaptation. J Physiol. 1954 Sep 28;125(3):417–426. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1954.sp005169. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bird A. C., Marshall J. Retinal pigment epithelial detachments in the elderly. Trans Ophthalmol Soc U K. 1986;105(Pt 6):674–682. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Brown B., Adams A. J., Coletta N. J., Haegerstrom-Portnoy G. Dark adaptation in age-related maculopathy. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 1986;6(1):81–84. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Brown B., Kitchin J. L. Dark adaptation and the acuity/luminance response in senile macular degeneration (SMD). Am J Optom Physiol Opt. 1983 Aug;60(8):645–650. doi: 10.1097/00006324-198308000-00001. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Capon M. R., Marshall J., Krafft J. I., Alexander R. A., Hiscott P. S., Bird A. C. Sorsby's fundus dystrophy. A light and electron microscopic study. Ophthalmology. 1989 Dec;96(12):1769–1777. doi: 10.1016/s0161-6420(89)32664-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Chen J. C., Fitzke F. W., Pauleikhoff D., Bird A. C. Functional loss in age-related Bruch's membrane change with choroidal perfusion defect. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1992 Feb;33(2):334–340. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Chen J. C., Fitzke F. W., Pauleikhoff D., Bird A. C. Functional loss in age-related Bruch's membrane change with choroidal perfusion defect. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1992 Feb;33(2):334–340. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Eagle R. C., Jr, Lucier A. C., Bernardino V. B., Jr, Yanoff M. Retinal pigment epithelial abnormalities in fundus flavimaculatus: a light and electron microscopic study. Ophthalmology. 1980 Dec;87(12):1189–1200. doi: 10.1016/s0161-6420(80)35106-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Eisner A., Fleming S. A., Klein M. L., Mauldin W. M. Sensitivities in older eyes with good acuity: eyes whose fellow eye has exudative AMD. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1987 Nov;28(11):1832–1837. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Eisner A., Stoumbos V. D., Klein M. L., Fleming S. A. Relations between fundus appearance and function. Eyes whose fellow eye has exudative age-related macular degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1991 Jan;32(1):8–20. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Fishman G. A., Farbman J. S., Alexander K. R. Delayed rod dark adaptation in patients with Stargardt's disease. Ophthalmology. 1991 Jun;98(6):957–962. doi: 10.1016/s0161-6420(91)32196-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Herlong H. F., Russell R. M., Maddrey W. C. Vitamin A and zinc therapy in primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology. 1981 Jul-Aug;1(4):348–351. doi: 10.1002/hep.1840010412. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Jacobson S. G., Voigt W. J., Parel J. M., Apáthy P. P., Nghiem-Phu L., Myers S. W., Patella V. M. Automated light- and dark-adapted perimetry for evaluating retinitis pigmentosa. Ophthalmology. 1986 Dec;93(12):1604–1611. doi: 10.1016/s0161-6420(86)33522-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kemp C. M., Jacobson S. G., Faulkner D. J., Walt R. W. Visual function and rhodopsin levels in humans with vitamin A deficiency. Exp Eye Res. 1988 Feb;46(2):185–197. doi: 10.1016/s0014-4835(88)80076-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Morrison S. A., Russell R. M., Carney E. A., Oaks E. V. Zinc deficiency: a cause of abnormal dark adaptation in cirrhotics. Am J Clin Nutr. 1978 Feb;31(2):276–281. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/31.2.276. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Pauleikhoff D., Chen J. C., Chisholm I. H., Bird A. C. Choroidal perfusion abnormality with age-related Bruch's membrane change. Am J Ophthalmol. 1990 Feb 15;109(2):211–217. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9394(14)75989-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Pauleikhoff D., Harper C. A., Marshall J., Bird A. C. Aging changes in Bruch's membrane. A histochemical and morphologic study. Ophthalmology. 1990 Feb;97(2):171–178. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Pauleikhoff D., Zuels S., Sheraidah G. S., Marshall J., Wessing A., Bird A. C. Correlation between biochemical composition and fluorescein binding of deposits in Bruch's membrane. Ophthalmology. 1992 Oct;99(10):1548–1553. doi: 10.1016/s0161-6420(92)31768-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Pugh E. N. Rushton's paradox: rod dark adaptation after flash photolysis. J Physiol. 1975 Jun;248(2):413–431. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1975.sp010982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- REINECKE R. D. Selected studies with electro-oculograms. I. Report of dysjunctive eye movements recorded on electro-oculograms. Arch Ophthalmol. 1961 Jul;66:125–129. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1961.00960010127026. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Russell R. M., Smith V. C., Multack R., Krill A. E., Rosenberg I. H. Dark-adaptation testing for diagnosis of subclinical vitamin-A deficiency and evaluation of therapy. Lancet. 1973 Nov 24;2(7839):1161–1164. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(73)92935-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sarks S. H. Ageing and degeneration in the macular region: a clinico-pathological study. Br J Ophthalmol. 1976 May;60(5):324–341. doi: 10.1136/bjo.60.5.324. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Steinmetz R. L., Polkinghorne P. C., Fitzke F. W., Kemp C. M., Bird A. C. Abnormal dark adaptation and rhodopsin kinetics in Sorsby's fundus dystrophy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1992 Apr;33(5):1633–1636. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sunness J. S., Johnson M. A., Massof R. W., Marcus S. Retinal sensitivity over drusen and nondrusen areas. A study using fundus perimetry. Arch Ophthalmol. 1988 Aug;106(8):1081–1084. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1988.01060140237032. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sunness J. S., Massof R. W., Johnson M. A., Finkelstein D., Fine S. L. Peripheral retinal function in age-related macular degeneration. Arch Ophthalmol. 1985 Jun;103(6):811–816. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1985.01050060071029. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Warth J. A., Prasad A. S., Zwas F., Frank R. N. Abnormal dark adaptation in sickle cell anemia. J Lab Clin Med. 1981 Aug;98(2):189–194. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Weale R. A. Do years or quanta age the retina? Photochem Photobiol. 1989 Sep;50(3):429–438. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1989.tb04181.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wing G. L., Blanchard G. C., Weiter J. J. The topography and age relationship of lipofuscin concentration in the retinal pigment epithelium. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1978 Jul;17(7):601–607. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wyszynski R. E., Bruner W. E., Cano D. B., Morgan K. M., Davis C. B., Sternberg P. A donor-age-dependent change in the activity of alpha-mannosidase in human cultured RPE cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1989 Nov;30(11):2341–2347. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]