Skip to main content
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America logoLink to Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
. 1991 Apr 15;88(8):3195–3199. doi: 10.1073/pnas.88.8.3195

Effect of mutations affecting the p6 gag protein on human immunodeficiency virus particle release.

H G Göttlinger 1, T Dorfman 1, J G Sodroski 1, W A Haseltine 1
PMCID: PMC51412  PMID: 2014240

Abstract

Mutations in sequences at the C terminus of the capsid precursor protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 that affect the viral p6 protein prevent release of budded virus particles from the cell surface. The experiments reported here define an important step in the life cycle of the virus, the release of the budded particle from a tether that binds the assembled particle to the cell surface. Inhibition of the release of the viral capsid proteins by interferon alpha indicates that this step of virus maturation may be sensitive to inhibition by antiviral drugs.

Full text

PDF

Images in this article

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Aldovini A., Young R. A. Mutations of RNA and protein sequences involved in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 packaging result in production of noninfectious virus. J Virol. 1990 May;64(5):1920–1926. doi: 10.1128/jvi.64.5.1920-1926.1990. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Barré-Sinoussi F., Chermann J. C., Rey F., Nugeyre M. T., Chamaret S., Gruest J., Dauguet C., Axler-Blin C., Vézinet-Brun F., Rouzioux C. Isolation of a T-lymphotropic retrovirus from a patient at risk for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Science. 1983 May 20;220(4599):868–871. doi: 10.1126/science.6189183. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Bryant M., Ratner L. Myristoylation-dependent replication and assembly of human immunodeficiency virus 1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Jan;87(2):523–527. doi: 10.1073/pnas.87.2.523. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Cullen B. R. Use of eukaryotic expression technology in the functional analysis of cloned genes. Methods Enzymol. 1987;152:684–704. doi: 10.1016/0076-6879(87)52074-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Dayton A. I., Sodroski J. G., Rosen C. A., Goh W. C., Haseltine W. A. The trans-activator gene of the human T cell lymphotropic virus type III is required for replication. Cell. 1986 Mar 28;44(6):941–947. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(86)90017-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Dayton A. I., Terwilliger E. F., Potz J., Kowalski M., Sodroski J. G., Haseltine W. A. Cis-acting sequences responsive to the rev gene product of the human immunodeficiency virus. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 1988;1(5):441–452. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Fisher A. G., Collalti E., Ratner L., Gallo R. C., Wong-Staal F. A molecular clone of HTLV-III with biological activity. Nature. 1985 Jul 18;316(6025):262–265. doi: 10.1038/316262a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Gelderblom H. R., Hausmann E. H., Ozel M., Pauli G., Koch M. A. Fine structure of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and immunolocalization of structural proteins. Virology. 1987 Jan;156(1):171–176. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(87)90449-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Gheysen D., Jacobs E., de Foresta F., Thiriart C., Francotte M., Thines D., De Wilde M. Assembly and release of HIV-1 precursor Pr55gag virus-like particles from recombinant baculovirus-infected insect cells. Cell. 1989 Oct 6;59(1):103–112. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(89)90873-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Göttlinger H. G., Sodroski J. G., Haseltine W. A. Role of capsid precursor processing and myristoylation in morphogenesis and infectivity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Aug;86(15):5781–5785. doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.15.5781. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Klimkait T., Strebel K., Hoggan M. D., Martin M. A., Orenstein J. M. The human immunodeficiency virus type 1-specific protein vpu is required for efficient virus maturation and release. J Virol. 1990 Feb;64(2):621–629. doi: 10.1128/jvi.64.2.621-629.1990. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Kohl N. E., Emini E. A., Schleif W. A., Davis L. J., Heimbach J. C., Dixon R. A., Scolnick E. M., Sigal I. S. Active human immunodeficiency virus protease is required for viral infectivity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Jul;85(13):4686–4690. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.13.4686. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Kramer R. A., Schaber M. D., Skalka A. M., Ganguly K., Wong-Staal F., Reddy E. P. HTLV-III gag protein is processed in yeast cells by the virus pol-protease. Science. 1986 Mar 28;231(4745):1580–1584. doi: 10.1126/science.2420008. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Kunkel T. A., Roberts J. D., Zakour R. A. Rapid and efficient site-specific mutagenesis without phenotypic selection. Methods Enzymol. 1987;154:367–382. doi: 10.1016/0076-6879(87)54085-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Mervis R. J., Ahmad N., Lillehoj E. P., Raum M. G., Salazar F. H., Chan H. W., Venkatesan S. The gag gene products of human immunodeficiency virus type 1: alignment within the gag open reading frame, identification of posttranslational modifications, and evidence for alternative gag precursors. J Virol. 1988 Nov;62(11):3993–4002. doi: 10.1128/jvi.62.11.3993-4002.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Peng C., Ho B. K., Chang T. W., Chang N. T. Role of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-specific protease in core protein maturation and viral infectivity. J Virol. 1989 Jun;63(6):2550–2556. doi: 10.1128/jvi.63.6.2550-2556.1989. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Poli G., Orenstein J. M., Kinter A., Folks T. M., Fauci A. S. Interferon-alpha but not AZT suppresses HIV expression in chronically infected cell lines. Science. 1989 May 5;244(4904):575–577. doi: 10.1126/science.2470148. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Queen C., Baltimore D. Immunoglobulin gene transcription is activated by downstream sequence elements. Cell. 1983 Jul;33(3):741–748. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90016-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Ratner L., Haseltine W., Patarca R., Livak K. J., Starcich B., Josephs S. F., Doran E. R., Rafalski J. A., Whitehorn E. A., Baumeister K. Complete nucleotide sequence of the AIDS virus, HTLV-III. Nature. 1985 Jan 24;313(6000):277–284. doi: 10.1038/313277a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Schüpbach J., Popovic M., Gilden R. V., Gonda M. A., Sarngadharan M. G., Gallo R. C. Serological analysis of a subgroup of human T-lymphotropic retroviruses (HTLV-III) associated with AIDS. Science. 1984 May 4;224(4648):503–505. doi: 10.1126/science.6200937. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Terwilliger E. F., Cohen E. A., Lu Y. C., Sodroski J. G., Haseltine W. A. Functional role of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 vpu. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Jul;86(13):5163–5167. doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.13.5163. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Tritch R. J., Cheng Y. E., Yin F. H., Erickson-Viitanen S. Mutagenesis of protease cleavage sites in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gag polyprotein. J Virol. 1991 Feb;65(2):922–930. doi: 10.1128/jvi.65.2.922-930.1991. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Veronese F. D., Copeland T. D., Oroszlan S., Gallo R. C., Sarngadharan M. G. Biochemical and immunological analysis of human immunodeficiency virus gag gene products p17 and p24. J Virol. 1988 Mar;62(3):795–801. doi: 10.1128/jvi.62.3.795-801.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Veronese F. D., Rahman R., Copeland T. D., Oroszlan S., Gallo R. C., Sarngadharan M. G. Immunological and chemical analysis of P6, the carboxyl-terminal fragment of HIV P15. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1987 Fall;3(3):253–264. doi: 10.1089/aid.1987.3.253. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Wilson W., Braddock M., Adams S. E., Rathjen P. D., Kingsman S. M., Kingsman A. J. HIV expression strategies: ribosomal frameshifting is directed by a short sequence in both mammalian and yeast systems. Cell. 1988 Dec 23;55(6):1159–1169. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(88)90260-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America are provided here courtesy of National Academy of Sciences

RESOURCES