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Past and novel concepts of the direct and indirect pathways of the nucleus accumbens. Left—canonical concept. D1-MSNs and D2-MSNs are completely segregated to direct and indirect pathways. Right—updated concept. Both D1-MSNs and D2-MSNs participate in direct and indirect pathways. Note that MSNs projecting to the VP may be part of a direct or indirect pathway, depending on the target of their downstream VP neuron.
