Table 1.
Participant characteristics by quintiles of long-term systolic blood pressure standard deviation.
| All Participants (N=1122) | Quintiles of systolic blood pressure standard deviation (mm Hg)
|
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 (n=226) (0.84–4.88) | Q2 (n=223) (4.90–6.67) | Q3 (n=225) (6.68–8.80) | Q4 (n=224) (8.81–12.13) | Q5 (n=224) (12.16–33.11) | |||
|
| |||||||
| Participant characteristics | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | P |
| Age (years) | 56.8 (8.6) | 53.8 (7.1) | 54.9 (8.4) | 56.2 (7.8) | 59.7 (9.0) | 59.3 (9.3) | <0.001 |
| Male (%) | 46.2 | 48.2 | 49.3 | 52.0 | 43.3 | 37.9 | 0.02 |
| Ethnicity (%) | |||||||
| White | 44.2 | 46.0 | 41.7 | 44.4 | 47.3 | 41.5 | 0.11 |
| Chinese | 16.0 | 16.4 | 19.7 | 15.1 | 16.5 | 12.5 | |
| Black | 17.6 | 12.8 | 15.7 | 17.8 | 16.5 | 25.4 | |
| Hispanic | 22.1 | 24.8 | 22.9 | 22.7 | 19.6 | 20.5 | |
| Pack years of smoking | 8.8 (17.7) | 7.1 (15.3) | 7.7 (15.6) | 9.1 (17.6) | 10.0 (18.4) | 10.0 (20.8) | 0.26 |
| Former drinker (%) | 37.8 | 37.2 | 37.7 | 39.6 | 41.5 | 33.0 | 0.71 |
| Current drinker (%) | 47.7 | 46.9 | 48.4 | 47.6 | 46.0 | 49.6 | |
| Activity (MET-hr/wk) | 99.7 (77.0) | 108.8 (89.4) | 104.8 (82.7) | 95.8 (73.6) | 95.1 (72.4) | 94.2 (64.1) | 0.15 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.7 (4.6) | 26.3 (4.3) | 26.3 (4.3) | 27.2 (4.9) | 26.4 (4.2) | 27.4 (5.0) | 0.01 |
| Systolic BP (mm Hg) | 113.5 (13.3) | 106.7 (10.1) | 108.2 (9.9) | 112.0 (11.0) | 116.3 (13.5) | 124.6 (13.1) | <0.001 |
| Diastolic BP (mm Hg) | 67.7 (8.1) | 66.2 (7.7) | 66.3 (7.8) | 67.9 (7.9) | 68.5 (8.3) | 69.9 (8.3) | <0.001 |
| Cumulative Systolic BP (mm Hg | 1075.6 (145.8) | 1009.9 (118.5) | 1024.5 (113.3) | 1065.4 (110.4) | 1096.5 (155.9) | 1182.3 (156.3) | <0.001 |
| Cumulative Diastolic BP (mm Hg) | 639.6 (89.8) | 625.6 (84.0) | 627.3 (86.4) | 643.6 (81.7) | 642.4 (94) | 659.4 (98.4) | <0.001 |
| Mean arterial pressure (mm Hg) | 83.0 (8.7) | 79.7 (7.7) | 80.2 (7.6) | 82.6 (8.1) | 84.4 (8.8) | 88.1 (8.6) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus (%) | 5.3 | 4.9 | 3.1 | 5.3 | 6.3 | 7.1 | 0.40 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 195.7 (28.8) | 193.2 (25.6) | 193.0 (28.7) | 196.3 (31.6) | 200.9 (27.1) | 195 (30.1) | 0.03 |
| HDL (mg/dL) | 54.3 (15.6) | 56.1 (15.9) | 53.6 (14.9) | 51.8 (16.0) | 55.3 (15.6) | 54.5 (15.6) | 0.04 |
| GFR (ml/min/1.73m2) | 81.3 (12.5) | 83.3 (12) | 82.8 (11.3) | 81.0 (12.6) | 79.7 (12.7) | 79.7 (13.4) | 0.003 |
| Log-CRP (mg/L) | 0.4 (1.1) | 0.1 (1.1) | 0.2 (1.1) | 0.4 (1.1) | 0.5 (1.1) | 0.6 (1.1) | <0.001 |
| Heart rate (beats/min) | 64.0 (7.7) | 64.4 (7.5) | 64 (7.5) | 64.8 (8) | 63.4 (7.3) | 63.4 (8) | 0.22 |
| Baseline menopause (% female) | 71.7 | 57.3 | 63.7 | 71.3 | 80.3 | 82.7 | <0.001 |
Abbreviations: BP, blood pressure; CRP, C-reactive protein; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; HDL, high density lipoprotein; MET, Metabolic Equivalent of Task; SD, standard deviation; Q, quintiles. Continuous variables were averaged across 5 visits. Individuals identified as diabetic at least once across 5 visits were considered as diabetic.