Table 4.
Multivariate regression for the association of long-term systolic BP variability independent of the mean and coefficient of variation with ten-year change in distensibility coefficient and Young’s elastic modulus.
| N=1122 | Percent change in DC | Percent change in YEM | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| Coef. (95% CI)a | Coef. (95% CI)b | Coef. (95% CI)a | Coef. (95% CI)b | |
| Continuous VIM-SBP (mm Hg) | −1.04 (−1.65, −0.44)‡ | −0.75 (−1.30, −0.20)‡ | 3.23 (2.29, 4.17)‡ | 3.00 (2.11, 3.88)‡ |
| Quintile of VIM-SBP (mm Hg) | ||||
| 1st quintile (1.15–5.32) (ref) | ||||
| 2nd quintile (5.33–6.94) | −0.51 (−7.81, 6.78) | −0.83 (−7.42, 5.77) | −1.16 (−12.64, 10.33) | −0.99 (−11.75, 9.78) |
| 3rd quintile (6.95–8.93) | 2.47 (−4.84, 9.79) | 1.88 (−4.73, 8.50) | 1.02 (−10.50, 12.54) | 1.82 (−8.98, 12.62) |
| 4th quintile (8.93–11.30) | 1.30 (−6.07, 8.67) | 0.36 (−6.31, 7.03) | 9.98 (−1.63, 21.59) | 10.94 (0.05, 21.82)* |
| 5th quintile (11.31–37.60) | −9.03 (−16.55, −1.51)* | −6.38 (−13.19, 0.43) | 27.76 (15.91, 39.61)‡ | 25.80 (14.70, 36.92)‡ |
| Trend P-value | 0.062 | 0.143 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Continuous CV-SBP (%) | −1.11 (−1.80, −0.43)‡ | −0.90 (−1.50, −0.29)† | 3.69 (2.62, 4.76)‡ | 3.51 (2.52, 4.49)‡ |
| Quintile of CV-SBP (%) | ||||
| 1st quintile (0.86–4.54) (ref) | ||||
| 2nd quintile (5.54–6.10) | −3.62 (−10.86, 3.61) | −4.22 (−10.61, 2.18) | 3.34 (−8.05, 14.73) | 2.81 (−7.70, 13.33) |
| 3rd quintile (6.10–7.63) | 2.14 (−5.18, 9.47) | 3.03 (−3.45, 9.50) | −2.55 (−14.07, 8.98) | −3.21 (−13.85, 7.43) |
| 4th quintile (7.63–10.27) | −0.03 (−7.42, 7.36) | −1.58 (−8.12, 4.95) | 9.48 (−2.16, 21.11) | 11.30 (0.55, 22.04)* |
| 5th quintile (10.29–27.98) | −10.56 (−18.21, −2.91)† | −8.66 (−15.43, −1.90)* | 29.98 (17.94, 42.02)‡ | 27.94 (16.82, 39.05)‡ |
| Trend P-value | 0.049 | 0.059 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
P-value:
<0.05,
≤0.01,
≤0.001.
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; Coef., regression coefficient; CV, coefficient of variation; DC, distensibility coefficient; ref, reference group; SBP, systolic blood pressure; VIM, variability independent of the mean; YEM, Young’s elastic modules.
Model adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, study center, and menopausal status at baseline, and averaged pack years, alcohol intake, physical activity, body mass index, hear rate, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, glomerular filtration rate, c-reactive protein across visits 1 to 5, diabetes status across visits 1 to 5, and cumulative systolic BP when CV was the exposure.
Model adjusted for model “a” variables and baseline DC or YEM.