Skip to main content
Journal of Virology logoLink to Journal of Virology
. 1976 Mar;17(3):876–884. doi: 10.1128/jvi.17.3.876-884.1976

Differences in RNA patterns of influenza A viruses.

P Palese, J L Schulman
PMCID: PMC515488  PMID: 1255862

Abstract

Analysis of the segmented RNAs of influenza A viruses by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide urea slab gels has provided a method for sharper resolution of the number and migration rates of different segments than previously has been possible. Using this system, the RNA genome of influenza A/WSN (HON1) virus can be separated into seven to nine separate bands, depending on whether virus is obtained after high or low multiplicity of infection, and the genome of influenza A/PR/8 (HON1) virus can be resolved into eight bands, six of which migrate differently from comparable RNA bands of WSN virus. Comparision of the RNA patterns produced by influenza A/PR/8 (HON1) and A/England/42/72 (H8n2) virus also reveals major differences in migration speeds of different bands, and analysis of the RNAs of the RNAs of an HON2 recombinant virus derived from these two strains permits the identification of RNA segments which have been derived from one particular parent. By extension of these techniques, it may be possible to define which RNA segment codes for each viral protein and to analyze recombinant strains to identify which genes have been derived from each of its parents.

Full text

PDF
876

Images in this article

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Bishop D. H., Obijeski J. F., Simpson R. W. Transcription of the influenza ribonucleic acid genome by a virion polymerase. II. Nature of the in vitro polymerase product. J Virol. 1971 Jul;8(1):74–80. doi: 10.1128/jvi.8.1.74-80.1971. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Bromley P. A., Barry R. D. Characterization of the ribonucleic acid of fowl plague virus. Arch Gesamte Virusforsch. 1973;42(2):182–196. doi: 10.1007/BF01270839. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Choppin P. W., Pons M. W. The RNAs of infective and incomplete influenza virions grown in MDBK and HeLa cells. Virology. 1970 Nov;42(3):603–610. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(70)90306-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Duesberg P. H. The RNA of influenza virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1968 Mar;59(3):930–937. doi: 10.1073/pnas.59.3.930. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Floyd R. W., Stone M. P., Joklik W. K. Separation of single-stranded ribonucleic acids by acrylamide-agarose-urea gel electrophoresis. Anal Biochem. 1974 Jun;59(2):599–609. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(74)90313-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Horst J., Content J., Mandeles S., Fraenkel-Conrat H., Duesberg P. Distinct oligonucleotide patterns of distinct influenza virus RNA's. J Mol Biol. 1972 Aug 21;69(2):209–215. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(72)90226-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Krug R. M., Ueda M., Palese P. Temperature-sensitive mutants of influenza WSN virus defective in virus-specific RNA synthesis. J Virol. 1975 Oct;16(4):790–796. doi: 10.1128/jvi.16.4.790-796.1975. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Lewandowski L. J., Content J., Leppla S. H. Characterization of the subunit structure of the ribonucleic acid genome of influenza virus. J Virol. 1971 Nov;8(5):701–707. doi: 10.1128/jvi.8.5.701-707.1971. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. McConkey E. H., Hopkins J. W. Molecular weights of some HeLa ribosomal RNA's. J Mol Biol. 1969 Feb 14;39(3):545–550. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(69)90144-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Palese P., Schulman J. Isolation and characterization of influenza virus recombinants with high and low neuraminidase activity. Use of 2-(3'-methoxyphenyl)-n-acetylneuraminic acid to identify cloned populations. Virology. 1974 Jan;57(1):227–237. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(74)90123-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Palese P., Tobita K., Ueda M., Compans R. W. Characterization of temperature sensitive influenza virus mutants defective in neuraminidase. Virology. 1974 Oct;61(2):397–410. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(74)90276-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Peacock A. C., Dingman C. W. Molecular weight estimation and separation of ribonucleic acid by electrophoresis in agarose-acrylamide composite gels. Biochemistry. 1968 Feb;7(2):668–674. doi: 10.1021/bi00842a023. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Pinder J. C., Staynov D. Z., Gratzer W. B. Electrophoresis of RNA in formamide. Biochemistry. 1974 Dec 17;13(26):5373–5378. doi: 10.1021/bi00723a019. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Pons M. W., Hirst G. K. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of influenza virus RNA. Virology. 1968 Feb;34(2):385–388. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(68)90257-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Pons M., Hirst G. K. The single- and double-stranded RNA's and the proteins of incomplete influenza virus. Virology. 1969 May;38(1):68–72. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(69)90128-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Schulze I. T. The structure of influenza virus. II. A model based on the morphology and composition of subviral particles. Virology. 1972 Jan;47(1):181–196. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(72)90251-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Skehel J. J. Estimations of the molecular weight of the influenza virus genome. J Gen Virol. 1971 May;11(2):103–109. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-11-2-103. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Stanley W. M., Jr, Bock R. M. Isolation and physical properties of the ribosomal ribonucleic acid of Escherichia coli. Biochemistry. 1965 Jul;4(7):1302–1311. doi: 10.1021/bi00883a014. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Studier F. W., Maizel J. V., Jr T7-directed protein synthesis. Virology. 1969 Nov;39(3):575–586. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(69)90105-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Sugiura A., Tobita K., Kilbourne E. D. Isolation and preliminary characterization of temperature-sensitive mutants of influenza virus. J Virol. 1972 Oct;10(4):639–647. doi: 10.1128/jvi.10.4.639-647.1972. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Tamm I. Kinetics and quantitative aspects of enhancement of influenza virus multiplication by 5-methyl-2-D-ribobenzimidazole (MRB). Virology. 1973 Jan;51(1):138–148. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(73)90374-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Virology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES