Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Journal of Virology logoLink to Journal of Virology
. 1977 Oct;24(1):41–46. doi: 10.1128/jvi.24.1.41-46.1977

Prolongation of herpes simplex virus latency in cultured human cells by temperature elevation.

F J O'Neill
PMCID: PMC515908  PMID: 198583

Abstract

Treatment of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2)-infected human fibroblast cells with cytosine arabinoside (ara-C) at 25 microgram/ml resulted in complete inhibition of virus replication. Removal of ara-C after 7 days of treatment ultimately resulted in renewed virus replication, but after a delay of at least 5 days. If however, the temperature was elevated from 37 degrees C to 39.5 to 40 degrees C at the time of ara-C reversal, infectious HSV-2 did not reappear. As long as the cultures were maintained at 39.5 to 40 degrees C (up to at least 128 days), HSV-2 was latent and infectious virus was undetectable. If the temperature was reduced to 37 degrees C at any time during the latent period, infectious virus was always reactivated, but only after a period of incubation at 37 degrees C of a least 11 days. Infectious-center assays performed with latent cultures indicated that only a very small fraction of cells could reactivate virus. The infectious-center titer did not show significant changes during much of the period of latency. This seemed to argue against the possibility that the latent cultures were synthesizing very small amounts of infectious virus. Additional studies were aimed at determining the minimum incubation period at 37 degrees C required to reactivate infectious HSV-2. Latent cultures reduced from 39.5 to 40 degrees C to 37 degrees C for less than 96 h did not yield infectious HSV-2, but those incubated at 37 degrees C for 96 h or more did.

Full text

PDF
41

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Aaronson S. A., Todaro G. J., Scolnick E. M. Induction of murine C-type viruses from clonal lines of virus-free BALB-3T3 cells. Science. 1971 Oct 8;174(4005):157–159. doi: 10.1126/science.174.4005.157. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Baringer J. R., Swoveland P. Recovery of herpes-simplex virus from human trigeminal ganglions. N Engl J Med. 1973 Mar 29;288(13):648–650. doi: 10.1056/NEJM197303292881303. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Bastian F. O., Rabson A. S., Yee C. L., Tralka T. S. Herpesvirus hominis: isolation from human trigeminal ganglion. Science. 1972 Oct 20;178(4058):306–307. doi: 10.1126/science.178.4058.306. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Cook M. L., Stevens J. G. Latent herpetic infections following experimental viraemia. J Gen Virol. 1976 Apr;31(1):75–80. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-31-1-75. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Crouch N. A., Rapp F. Cell-dependent differences in the production of infectious herpes simplex virus at a supraoptimal temperature. J Virol. 1972 Feb;9(2):223–230. doi: 10.1128/jvi.9.2.223-230.1972. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Crouch N. A., Rapp F. Differential effect of temperature on the replication of herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2. Virology. 1972 Dec;50(3):939–941. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(72)90452-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Docherty J. J., Chopan M. The latent herpes simplex virus. Bacteriol Rev. 1974 Dec;38(4):337–355. doi: 10.1128/br.38.4.337-355.1974. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Gerber P. Activation of Epstein-Barr virus by 5-bromodeoxyuridine in "virus-free" human cells (complement-fixing antigen-immunofluorescence-leukocytes). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1972 Jan;69(1):83–85. doi: 10.1073/pnas.69.1.83. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Hampar B., Derge J. G., Martos L. M., Walker J. L. Synthesis of Epstein-Barr virus after activation of the viral genome in a "virus-negative" human lymphoblastoid cell (Raji) made resistant to 5-bromodeoxyuridine (thymidine kinase-virus antigen-immunofluorescence-herpesvirus fingerprints). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1972 Jan;69(1):78–82. doi: 10.1073/pnas.69.1.78. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Kaplan H. S. On the natural history of the murine leukemias: presidential address. Cancer Res. 1967 Aug;27(8):1325–1340. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Longson M. A temperature marker test for the differentiation of strains of Herpesvirus hominis. Ann Inst Pasteur (Paris) 1971 May;120(5):699–708. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Lowy D. R., Rowe W. P., Teich N., Hartley J. W. Murine leukemia virus: high-frequency activation in vitro by 5-iododeoxyuridine and 5-bromodeoxyuridine. Science. 1971 Oct 8;174(4005):155–156. doi: 10.1126/science.174.4005.155. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. McKinnell R. G., Ellis V. L. Herpesviruses in tumors of postspawning Rana pipiens. Cancer Res. 1972 Jun;32(6):1154–1159. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Naegele R. F., Granoff A., Darlington R. W. The presence of the Lucké herpesvirus genome in induced tadpole tumors and its oncogenicity: Koch-Henle postulates fulfilled. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1974 Mar;71(3):830–834. doi: 10.1073/pnas.71.3.830. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. O'Neill F. J., Goldberg R. J., Rapp F. Herpes simplex virus latency in cultured human cells following treatment with cytosine arabinoside. J Gen Virol. 1972 Feb;14(2):189–197. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-14-2-189. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. O'Neill F. J., Rapp F. Early events required for induction of chromosome abnormalities in human cells by herpes simplex virus. Virology. 1971 Jun;44(3):544–553. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(71)90368-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. RAPP F. VARIANTS OF HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS: ISOLATION, CHARACTERIZATION, AND FACTORS INFLUENCING PLAQUE FORMATION. J Bacteriol. 1963 Nov;86:985–991. doi: 10.1128/jb.86.5.985-991.1963. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. ROBERTS M. E. STUDIES ON THE TRANSMISSIBILITY AND CYTOLOGY OF THE RENAL CARCINOMA OF RANA PIPIENS. Cancer Res. 1963 Dec;23:1709–1714. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Ratcliffe H. The differentiation of herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 by temperature markers. J Gen Virol. 1971 Oct;13(1):181–183. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-13-1-181. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Stevens J. G., Cook M. L. Latent herpes simplex virus in spinal ganglia of mice. Science. 1971 Aug 27;173(3999):843–845. doi: 10.1126/science.173.3999.843. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Stevens J. G. Latent herpes simplex virus and the nervous system,. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 1975;70:31–50. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-66101-3_2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Stevens J. G., Nesburn A. B., Cook M. L. Latent herpes simplex virus from trigeminal ganglia of rabbits with recurrent eye infection. Nat New Biol. 1972 Feb 16;235(59):216–217. doi: 10.1038/newbio235216a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Virology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES